{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T05:04:08Z","timestamp":1775365448080,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tobacco-Free Kids Action Fund","award":["CHINA-29-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHINA-29-13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To examine the impact of tobacco use on the economic costs between biological sex differences, we utilized propensity score matching and human capital methods to analyze the economic costs associated with smoking. Our findings reveal a nuanced pattern in the economic burden: although men who smoke bear a higher overall economic cost, the individual impact on women who smoke is significantly more profound. As a result, there exists a distinct disparity in the distribution of economic consequences stemming from tobacco use between men and women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21080980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T14:39:08Z","timestamp":1722004748000},"page":"980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biological Sex Disparities in the Economic Burden of Tobacco Use: A Comparative Analysis between Men and Women in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5870-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, No. 10, Huixin Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9646-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingyun","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, No. 10, Huixin Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7769-5052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aduqinfu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, No. 10, Huixin Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Use 2000\u20132025, World Health Organization. [3rd ed.]. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail\/who-global-report-on-trends-in-prevalence-of-tobacco-use-2000-2025-third-edition."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2024, July 13). Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS 2022) Conducted by China CDC in 2022. Available online: https:\/\/m.chinacdc.cn\/xwzx\/gwxx\/202205\/t20220526_259370.html."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.5.473","article-title":"Lung structure and function in cigarette smokers","volume":"49","author":"Hogg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.047","article-title":"The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: An update","volume":"43","author":"Ambrose","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.09.016","article-title":"Cigarette smoke\u2013an aging accelerator?","volume":"42","author":"Bernhard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. 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Available online: https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/research-analysis\/diseases-injuries-risks\/factsheets\/2021-secondhand-smoke-level-3-risk."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/8\/980\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:24:37Z","timestamp":1760109877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/8\/980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph21080980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph21080980","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]}}}