{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:20:30Z","timestamp":1760145630534,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/21361-2","485045\/2013-3","141720\/2017-4","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/21361-2","485045\/2013-3","141720\/2017-4","001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/21361-2","485045\/2013-3","141720\/2017-4","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/21361-2","485045\/2013-3","141720\/2017-4","001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/21361-2","485045\/2013-3","141720\/2017-4","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/21361-2","485045\/2013-3","141720\/2017-4","001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Regular physical exercise has proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing the health and well-being of older adults. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of the impacts of exercise on older adults with different health conditions, as well as in the customization of training programs according to individual capabilities. This study aimed to analyze the variables that influence the response of physical capabilities in older adults, considering their development over the aging process, with the goal of assisting professionals in creating personalized training programs. To achieve this, we conducted a cohort study involving 562 previously inactive adults and older adults who underwent anthropometric assessments, blood pressure measurements, and comprehensive physical tests. These assessments were conducted before and after a 14-week training program. Results indicated no significant variations in variables such as waist circumference (p = 0.0455, effect size = 0.10), body mass index (p = 0.0215, effect size = 0.15), systolic (p &lt; 0.0001, effect size = 0.35) and diastolic blood pressure (p &lt; 0.0001, effect size = 0.25) pre- and post-intervention. Strength tests, agility, the 6 min walk test (6MWT), and the back scratch test (BS) showed significant improvements post-intervention, with p-values all below 0.0001 and effect sizes ranging from 0.30 to 0.50. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that lower initial values in physical capabilities were associated with more significant improvements during training (R2 = 0.73, p &lt; 0.001). These results underscore that individualized guidance in training can lead to clinically meaningful improvements in physical performance and health among older adults, with effect sizes indicating moderate-to-large benefits (effect size range = 0.30 to 0.50). Therefore, personalized training programs are essential to maximize health benefits in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21081075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T04:29:57Z","timestamp":1723782597000},"page":"1075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Which Variables Are Associated with the Magnitude of the Physical Fitness Response in Older Adults? An Analysis of Their Development and Influence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4532-539X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andressa Crystine","family":"da Silva Sobrinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate Studies in Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Campus, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9925-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa Chacon","family":"Finzeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate Studies in Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Campus, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9690-0163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Luciano","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate Studies in Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Campus, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9931-4709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"da Silva Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate Studies in Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Campus, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0786-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Gabriel","family":"Ribeiro de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate Studies in Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Campus, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8093-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karine","family":"Pereira Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate Studies in Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Campus, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6487-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1tila","family":"Alexandre Trap\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lais","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Roberto","family":"Bueno J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate Studies in Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Campus, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine (2024, April 10). 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