{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:15:04Z","timestamp":1780056904501,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005192","name":"California HIV\/AIDS Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OS17-SF-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OS17-SF-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gilead Sciences","award":["OS17-SF-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OS17-SF-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV stigma has a negative influence on antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and persistence and viral suppression. Immediate access to ART (RAPID ART) has been shown to accelerate viral suppression (VS) that is sustained up to one year after HIV diagnosis. Little is known about the role of RAPID ART in reducing individual-level stigma. We explored how stigma manifests in RAPID ART encounters and whether RAPID ART interventions influence individual-level HIV stigma during and in the time immediately after the diagnosis experience. We conducted in-depth interviews with 58 RAPID ART patients from three health clinics in San Francisco, CA, and Chicago, IL. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed. In the results, we discuss three main themes. First, Pre-Diagnosis HIV Beliefs, which included three sub-themes: HIV is \u201cgross\u201d and only happens to other people; HIV (Mis)education; and People are \u201cliving long and strong\u201d with HIV. Second, Positive and Reassuring Messages During the RAPID Experience, which included two sub-themes: Correcting Misinformation and Early Interactions with People Living with HIV. Third, The RAPID ART Process Can Disrupt Stigma. RAPID ART encounters served as a potent mechanism to disrupt internalized stigma by providing accurate information and dispelling unhelpful myths through verbal and nonverbal messages. Reducing internalized stigma and misinformation about HIV at this early stage has the potential to reduce the effect of HIV stigma on ART initiation and adherence over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21091133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T11:58:46Z","timestamp":1724759926000},"page":"1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effective Messages to Reduce Stigma among People Newly Diagnosed with HIV during Rapid ART Initiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chadwick K.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Koester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier A.","family":"Erguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2026-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lissa","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelle","family":"LeTourneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janessa","family":"Broussard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-C\u00e9dric","family":"Crouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Alliance Health Project, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy","family":"Camp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Brown Health Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndon","family":"VanderZanden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Brown Health Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susa","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8598-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina A.","family":"Christopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, ID & Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02655-w","article-title":"Implementation of an immediate HIV treatment initiation program in a public\/academic medical center in the US South: The Miami test and treat rapid response program","volume":"23","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS 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