{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:34:11Z","timestamp":1790224451286,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission","award":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["92.01.015.7\u201306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92.01.015.7\u201306"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["955368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955368"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["237.01.94.40182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237.01.94.40182"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["01-HP-684\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-HP-684\/8"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["95\/0044\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95\/0044\u201301"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["96\/0043\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96\/0043\u201301"]}]},{"name":"enmark: The strategic Environment Programme","award":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"]}]},{"name":"enmark: The strategic Environment Programme","award":["92.01.015.7\u201306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92.01.015.7\u201306"]}]},{"name":"enmark: The strategic Environment Programme","award":["955368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955368"]}]},{"name":"enmark: The strategic Environment Programme","award":["237.01.94.40182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237.01.94.40182"]}]},{"name":"enmark: The strategic Environment Programme","award":["01-HP-684\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-HP-684\/8"]}]},{"name":"enmark: The strategic Environment Programme","award":["95\/0044\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95\/0044\u201301"]}]},{"name":"enmark: The strategic Environment Programme","award":["96\/0043\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96\/0043\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Danish National Research Foundation","award":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"]}]},{"name":"Danish National Research Foundation","award":["92.01.015.7\u201306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92.01.015.7\u201306"]}]},{"name":"Danish National Research Foundation","award":["955368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955368"]}]},{"name":"Danish National Research Foundation","award":["237.01.94.40182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237.01.94.40182"]}]},{"name":"Danish National Research Foundation","award":["01-HP-684\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-HP-684\/8"]}]},{"name":"Danish National Research Foundation","award":["95\/0044\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95\/0044\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Danish National Research Foundation","award":["96\/0043\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96\/0043\u201301"]}]},{"name":"France: Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte contre le Cancer, Fondation de France","award":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"]}]},{"name":"France: Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte contre le Cancer, Fondation de France","award":["92.01.015.7\u201306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92.01.015.7\u201306"]}]},{"name":"France: Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte contre le Cancer, Fondation de France","award":["955368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955368"]}]},{"name":"France: Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte contre le Cancer, Fondation de France","award":["237.01.94.40182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237.01.94.40182"]}]},{"name":"France: Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte contre le Cancer, Fondation de France","award":["01-HP-684\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-HP-684\/8"]}]},{"name":"France: Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte contre le Cancer, Fondation de France","award":["95\/0044\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95\/0044\u201301"]}]},{"name":"France: Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte contre le Cancer, Fondation de France","award":["96\/0043\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96\/0043\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) contract \u201cR\u00e9seau en Sant\u00e9 Publique (Network for Public Health) # 4 R006 A, French Ministry of Environment","award":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) contract \u201cR\u00e9seau en Sant\u00e9 Publique (Network for Public Health) # 4 R006 A, French Ministry of Environment","award":["92.01.015.7\u201306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92.01.015.7\u201306"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) contract \u201cR\u00e9seau en Sant\u00e9 Publique (Network for Public Health) # 4 R006 A, French Ministry of Environment","award":["955368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955368"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) contract \u201cR\u00e9seau en Sant\u00e9 Publique (Network for Public Health) # 4 R006 A, French Ministry of Environment","award":["237.01.94.40182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237.01.94.40182"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) contract \u201cR\u00e9seau en Sant\u00e9 Publique (Network for Public Health) # 4 R006 A, French Ministry of Environment","award":["01-HP-684\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-HP-684\/8"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) contract \u201cR\u00e9seau en Sant\u00e9 Publique (Network for Public Health) # 4 R006 A, French Ministry of Environment","award":["95\/0044\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95\/0044\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) contract \u201cR\u00e9seau en Sant\u00e9 Publique (Network for Public Health) # 4 R006 A, French Ministry of Environment","award":["96\/0043\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96\/0043\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Germany: Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF)","award":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"]}]},{"name":"Germany: Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF)","award":["92.01.015.7\u201306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92.01.015.7\u201306"]}]},{"name":"Germany: Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF)","award":["955368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955368"]}]},{"name":"Germany: Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF)","award":["237.01.94.40182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237.01.94.40182"]}]},{"name":"Germany: Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF)","award":["01-HP-684\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-HP-684\/8"]}]},{"name":"Germany: Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF)","award":["95\/0044\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95\/0044\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Germany: Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF)","award":["96\/0043\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96\/0043\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Italy: The Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC), The Italian Ministry of Labour, MURST","award":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"]}]},{"name":"Italy: The Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC), The Italian Ministry of Labour, MURST","award":["92.01.015.7\u201306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92.01.015.7\u201306"]}]},{"name":"Italy: The Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC), The Italian Ministry of Labour, MURST","award":["955368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955368"]}]},{"name":"Italy: The Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC), The Italian Ministry of Labour, MURST","award":["237.01.94.40182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237.01.94.40182"]}]},{"name":"Italy: The Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC), The Italian Ministry of Labour, MURST","award":["01-HP-684\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-HP-684\/8"]}]},{"name":"Italy: The Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC), The Italian Ministry of Labour, MURST","award":["95\/0044\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95\/0044\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Italy: The Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC), The Italian Ministry of Labour, MURST","award":["96\/0043\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96\/0043\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Spain: Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitarie, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Clinico-Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Hospital Dr. Peset. Generalitat Valenciana","award":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"]}]},{"name":"Spain: Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitarie, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Clinico-Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Hospital Dr. Peset. Generalitat Valenciana","award":["92.01.015.7\u201306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92.01.015.7\u201306"]}]},{"name":"Spain: Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitarie, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Clinico-Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Hospital Dr. Peset. Generalitat Valenciana","award":["955368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955368"]}]},{"name":"Spain: Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitarie, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Clinico-Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Hospital Dr. Peset. Generalitat Valenciana","award":["237.01.94.40182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237.01.94.40182"]}]},{"name":"Spain: Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitarie, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Clinico-Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Hospital Dr. Peset. Generalitat Valenciana","award":["01-HP-684\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-HP-684\/8"]}]},{"name":"Spain: Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitarie, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Clinico-Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Hospital Dr. Peset. Generalitat Valenciana","award":["95\/0044\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95\/0044\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Spain: Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitarie, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Clinico-Epidemiol\u00f3gica, Hospital Dr. Peset. Generalitat Valenciana","award":["96\/0043\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96\/0043\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad y Consumo, Gobierno Vasco; Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitaria, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Ayuda a la Investigaci\u00f3n del Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra","award":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"]}]},{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad y Consumo, Gobierno Vasco; Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitaria, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Ayuda a la Investigaci\u00f3n del Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra","award":["92.01.015.7\u201306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92.01.015.7\u201306"]}]},{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad y Consumo, Gobierno Vasco; Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitaria, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Ayuda a la Investigaci\u00f3n del Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra","award":["955368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955368"]}]},{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad y Consumo, Gobierno Vasco; Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitaria, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Ayuda a la Investigaci\u00f3n del Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra","award":["237.01.94.40182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237.01.94.40182"]}]},{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad y Consumo, Gobierno Vasco; Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitaria, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Ayuda a la Investigaci\u00f3n del Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra","award":["01-HP-684\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-HP-684\/8"]}]},{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad y Consumo, Gobierno Vasco; Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitaria, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Ayuda a la Investigaci\u00f3n del Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra","award":["95\/0044\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95\/0044\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Departmento de Sanidad y Consumo, Gobierno Vasco; Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Sanitaria, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Ayuda a la Investigaci\u00f3n del Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra","award":["96\/0043\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96\/0043\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Sweden: Swedish Council for Work Life Research, Research Foundation of the Department of Oncology in Ume\u00e5, Swedish Society of Medicine, Lund University Hospital Research Foundation, Gunnar, Arvid and Elisabeth Nilsson Cancer Foundation, \u00d6rebro County Council Research Committee, \u00d6rebro Medical Center Research Foundation, John and Augusta Persson Foundation for Scientific Medical Research, Berta Kamprad Foundation for Cancer Research","award":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMH1 CT 93\u20131630"]}]},{"name":"Sweden: Swedish Council for Work Life Research, Research Foundation of the Department of Oncology in Ume\u00e5, Swedish Society of Medicine, Lund University Hospital Research Foundation, Gunnar, Arvid and Elisabeth Nilsson Cancer Foundation, \u00d6rebro County Council Research Committee, \u00d6rebro Medical Center Research Foundation, John and Augusta Persson Foundation for Scientific Medical Research, Berta Kamprad Foundation for Cancer Research","award":["92.01.015.7\u201306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92.01.015.7\u201306"]}]},{"name":"Sweden: Swedish Council for Work Life Research, Research Foundation of the Department of Oncology in Ume\u00e5, Swedish Society of Medicine, Lund University Hospital Research Foundation, Gunnar, Arvid and Elisabeth Nilsson Cancer Foundation, \u00d6rebro County Council Research Committee, \u00d6rebro Medical Center Research Foundation, John and Augusta Persson Foundation for Scientific Medical Research, Berta Kamprad Foundation for Cancer Research","award":["955368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["955368"]}]},{"name":"Sweden: Swedish Council for Work Life Research, Research Foundation of the Department of Oncology in Ume\u00e5, Swedish Society of Medicine, Lund University Hospital Research Foundation, Gunnar, Arvid and Elisabeth Nilsson Cancer Foundation, \u00d6rebro County Council Research Committee, \u00d6rebro Medical Center Research Foundation, John and Augusta Persson Foundation for Scientific Medical Research, Berta Kamprad Foundation for Cancer Research","award":["237.01.94.40182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237.01.94.40182"]}]},{"name":"Sweden: Swedish Council for Work Life Research, Research Foundation of the Department of Oncology in Ume\u00e5, Swedish Society of Medicine, Lund University Hospital Research Foundation, Gunnar, Arvid and Elisabeth Nilsson Cancer Foundation, \u00d6rebro County Council Research Committee, \u00d6rebro Medical Center Research Foundation, John and Augusta Persson Foundation for Scientific Medical Research, Berta Kamprad Foundation for Cancer Research","award":["01-HP-684\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-HP-684\/8"]}]},{"name":"Sweden: Swedish Council for Work Life Research, Research Foundation of the Department of Oncology in Ume\u00e5, Swedish Society of Medicine, Lund University Hospital Research Foundation, Gunnar, Arvid and Elisabeth Nilsson Cancer Foundation, \u00d6rebro County Council Research Committee, \u00d6rebro Medical Center Research Foundation, John and Augusta Persson Foundation for Scientific Medical Research, Berta Kamprad Foundation for Cancer Research","award":["95\/0044\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95\/0044\u201301"]}]},{"name":"Sweden: Swedish Council for Work Life Research, Research Foundation of the Department of Oncology in Ume\u00e5, Swedish Society of Medicine, Lund University Hospital Research Foundation, Gunnar, Arvid and Elisabeth Nilsson Cancer Foundation, \u00d6rebro County Council Research Committee, \u00d6rebro Medical Center Research Foundation, John and Augusta Persson Foundation for Scientific Medical Research, Berta Kamprad Foundation for Cancer Research","award":["96\/0043\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96\/0043\u201301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Little is known about the aetiology of thymoma. This study aims to identify medical risk factors for thymoma as a systematic approach to new hypotheses on the aetiology of this disease. A European multi-centre case\u2013control study was conducted from 1995 to 1997, including incident cases aged 35\u201369 years with thymoma. Altogether, we accepted 85 cases and 3350 controls, of which we interviewed 77 cases and 2071 population controls about constitutional factors, medical examinations, and former diseases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Medical examinations with X-ray or radiotherapy performed &gt;20 times at least one year before the thymoma diagnosis indicated a possible risk factor for thymoma (OR 1.58, 95% CI 0.93\u20132.69). Having the first radiotherapy treatment at least one year before the thymoma diagnosis yielded an OR for thymoma of 2.39; 95% CI (0.96\u20135.99), and if it was at least five years before, the OR for thymoma was 2.81; 95% CI (1.03\u20137.72). Having a red\/auburn hair colour was associated with thymoma, (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4\u20139.5) whereas having pigmented skin was slightly associated with thymoma (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.8\u20133.8). Over twenty instances of X-ray examinations or radiotherapy were identified as potential risk factors for thymoma, along with certain constitutional factors. The observed correlations between benign tumours and thymoma could stem from an inherent predisposition to tumour development or result from detection bias. Given that this is the initial analytical study examining medical risk factors for thymoma, all of the results should be approached with caution, acknowledging the possibility that some findings might be incidental.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21091241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T02:47:07Z","timestamp":1726800427000},"page":"1241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Constitutional Factors and Irradiation as Risk Factors for Thymoma: A European Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4157-9819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Kaerlev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, 5230 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Health Promotion, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 6705 Esbjerg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0463-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Gu\u00e9nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Team Exposome and Heredity, University Paris-Saclay, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Merletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0785-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Morales-Su\u00e1rez-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Social and Nutritional Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Av. Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estelles s\/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3\u20135 Pabell\u00f3n 11 Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3777-570X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Ahrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology\u2014BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1987-0255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"J\u00f6ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Clinic Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8701-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Llopis-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Social and Nutritional Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Av. Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estelles s\/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3\u20135 Pabell\u00f3n 11 Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gun","family":"Wingren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Link\u00f6ping University, 581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Simonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, Thoracic Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2016.01.012","article-title":"Thymoma and thymic carcinomas","volume":"99","author":"Scorsetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raghavan, D., Ahluwalia, M.S., Blanke, C.D., Brown, J., Kim, E.S., Reaman, G.H., and Sekeres, M.A. (2017). Textbook of Uncommon Cancer, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119196235"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu Zaid, M., Kesler, K., Smith, J., Badve, S., and Loehrer, P.J. (2017). Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma. Textbook of Uncommon Cancer, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119196235.ch14"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.02.047","article-title":"Rare thoracic cancers, including peritoneum mesothelioma","volume":"48","author":"Siesling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S260","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f1f62d","article-title":"Epidemiology of thymoma and associated malignancies","volume":"5","author":"Engels","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.09.005","article-title":"Thymoma associated with autoimmune diseases: 85 cases and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Bernard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"778","article-title":"A case of HTLV-1 carrier associated with pulmonary cryptococcosis and thymoma","volume":"32","author":"Inoue","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198907000-00008","article-title":"Unusual malignant tumours in 49 patients with HIV infection","volume":"3","author":"Monfardini","year":"1989","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.201","article-title":"Thymus cancer epidemiology in England and Wales","volume":"61","author":"Swerdlow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.07.011","article-title":"Answers to Common Questions about the Use and Safety of CT Scans","volume":"Volume 90","author":"McCollough","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.2.1760289","article-title":"Estimated risks of radiation-induced fatal cancer from pediatric CT","volume":"176","author":"Brenner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Activation of the ras oncogene in gamma radiation and neutron radiation induced thymic lymphomas","volume":"374","author":"Sloan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog. Clin. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2890010506","article-title":"Thyroid and associated polyglandular neoplasms in patients who received head and neck irradiation during childhood","volume":"1","author":"Katz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930500317","article-title":"Thyroid and thymic malignancy following childhood irradiation","volume":"50","author":"Jensen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1194","article-title":"Comparative carcinogenicities and mutagenicities of vinyl carbamate, ethyl carbamate, and ethyl N-hydroxycarbamate","volume":"40","author":"Dahl","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2005","article-title":"Exposure to fluorocarbons during the filling and repair of air-conditioning systems in cars\u2014A case report","volume":"13","author":"Astrom","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-013-1371-y","article-title":"Thymic carcinomas: Clinicopathologic study of 37 cases from a single institution","volume":"462","author":"Ghigna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2019.06.008","article-title":"Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for thymoma\u2013A European case-control study","volume":"61","author":"Eriksson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2004.12.016","article-title":"European multi-centre case\u2013control study on risk factors for rare cancers of unknown aetiology","volume":"41","author":"Lynge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1990). International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, World Health Organization. [2nd ed.]. ICD-O-2."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1976). International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, (ICD-O), World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaerlev, L., Lynge, E., Sabroe, S., and Olsen, J. (2004). Colon cancer controls versus population controls in case-control studies of occupational risk factors. BMC Cancer, 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-4-15"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10266","article-title":"Reliability of data from next-of-kin: Results from a case-control study of occupational and lifestyle risk factors for cancer","volume":"44","author":"Kaerlev","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199707000-00014","article-title":"Controlling for continuous confounders in epidemiologic research","volume":"8","author":"Brenner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116813","article-title":"Simulation study of confounder-selection strategies","volume":"138","author":"Maldonado","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Rothman, K.J., and Lash, T.L. (2020). Modern Epidemiology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00663-y","article-title":"Rare cancers of unknown etiology: Lessons learned from a European multi-center case\u2013control study","volume":"35","author":"Lynge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185658","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.5658","article-title":"Adverse events and patient outcomes among hospitalized children Cared for by general pediatricians vs hospitalists","volume":"1","author":"Atkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/55.3.519","article-title":"Neoplasms in persons treated with X-rays in infancy: Fourth survey in 20 years","volume":"55","author":"Hempelmann","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198911093211901","article-title":"The risk of breast cancer after irradiation of the thymus in infancy","volume":"321","author":"Hildreth","year":"1989","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25583","article-title":"A population-based assessment of mortality and morbidity patterns among patients with thymoma","volume":"128","author":"Gadalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-011-0814-0","article-title":"Thymoma and thymic carcinoma","volume":"60","author":"Venuta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30590-8","article-title":"The role of radiotherapy in patients with solid tumours after solid organ transplantation: A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Mazzola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"2747","article-title":"Secondary or concomitant neoplasms among adults diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and treated according to the LALA-87 and LALA-94 trials","volume":"110","author":"Tavernier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Interdiscip. Int. J. Am. Cancer Soc."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/9\/1241\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:00:10Z","timestamp":1760112010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/9\/1241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph21091241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph21091241","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]}}}