{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:14:47Z","timestamp":1790007287350,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas","award":["322723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322723"]}]},{"name":"Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry","award":["322723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322723"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The chemical components of the e-liquids and aerosols contained in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs), better known as vapes, were evaluated. The analytical technique used was gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry, where the extraction and injection methods were established in this study. The work consisted of the analysis of twenty samples of disposable electronic cigarettes prefilled with new e-liquid, of a known brand, flavor, volume, and, in some of them, the percentage of nicotine and the number of puffs per device were indicated on the label. We detected the presence of many substances (at a qualitative and semi-quantitative level), and we achieved the quantification of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX), dangerous substances that cause severe damage to health. Several of the e-liquids and aerosols present BTX concentrations above the permissible exposure limit (PEL), recommended by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): benzene in aerosol samples 80% &gt; PEL, and toluene in aerosol samples 45% &gt; PEL. The number of chemical compounds found in the samples increases from 13 to 167, the average being 52 compounds for the water extraction method, 42 compounds for the methanol extraction method of e-liquids, and 107 compounds for the direct aerosol analysis. It is a fact that many of those compounds, especially BTX, can cause serious effects on human health, affecting the respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and immune systems, as well as the brain. Therefore, the use of these devices should be considered with caution, since the substances and their chemical nature may pose significant health risks to both users and those exposed to secondhand emissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21101308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T12:06:32Z","timestamp":1727697992000},"page":"1308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Methods for a Non-Targeted Qualitative Analysis and Quantification of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of E-Liquids and Aerosols in Commercially Available Electronic Cigarettes in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Svarch-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Commission for the Protection against Sanitary Risks, Oklahoma 14, Col. N\u00e1poles, D.T. Benito Ju\u00e1rez, Mexico City 03810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6687-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Vanessa","family":"Paz-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry, S.C., Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico Quer\u00e9taro SN, Pedro Escobedo, Quer\u00e9taro 76703, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlota","family":"Ruiz-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry, S.C., Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico Quer\u00e9taro SN, Pedro Escobedo, Quer\u00e9taro 76703, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Olvera-Chac\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry, S.C., Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico Quer\u00e9taro SN, Pedro Escobedo, Quer\u00e9taro 76703, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelina","family":"Larios-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry, S.C., Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico Quer\u00e9taro SN, Pedro Escobedo, Quer\u00e9taro 76703, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Castro-Gayt\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry, S.C., Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico Quer\u00e9taro SN, Pedro Escobedo, Quer\u00e9taro 76703, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2381-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Aldeco-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry, S.C., Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico Quer\u00e9taro SN, Pedro Escobedo, Quer\u00e9taro 76703, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Carlos","family":"Alcocer-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Secretary, Homero 213, Piso 15 Col. Chapultepec Morales, D.T. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11570, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2024, July 28). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. A Report of the Surgeon General, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538680\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Herbert, G. (1965). Smokeless Non-Tobacco Cigarette. (3200819), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Hon, L. (2013). Electronic Atomization Cigarette. (8490628B2), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916433","article-title":"Vitamin E Acetate in Bronchoalveolar- Lavage Fluid Associated with EVALI","volume":"382","author":"Blount","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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