{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:07:06Z","timestamp":1791810426357,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control Foundation","award":["20210415C54-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210415C54-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: In South Korea, there has been a continuous decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) attributable to a national TB elimination program; however, TB still poses a significant socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with successful TB treatment and to identify refractory patient groups with unfavorable outcomes. Methods: We analyzed anonymized data on 89,150 patients with TB provided by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Specifically, we collected independent variables, which were categorized as individual, regional, and medical facility factors. Individual factors included age, sex, nationality, TB type, drug-resistant status, category of TB, housing type, underlying disease status, number of referrals, and smoking status. Regional factors referred to the region where the TB case was reported. Medical facility factors included the first visit to a medical facility, categorized by hospital type and the distinction between private\u2013public mix (PPM) and non-PPM depending on the presence or absence of dedicated TB nurses. These factors were analyzed in relation to treatment success to identify refractory patient groups with unfavorable outcomes. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the following significant factors associated with successful TB treatment: sex, nationality, status of drug-resistant TB, category of TB, number of referrals, region of TB registry, underlying diseases, and smoking status. Specifically, compared with their relevant counterparts, male patients had a lower rate of successful treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.66, reference [Ref.]: women); Korean nationals had a higher rate of treatment success (aOR: 7.20, Ref. foreign residents in Korea); resistant TB was associated with a lower rate of treatment success (aOR: 0.35, Ref.: non-resistant TB status); newly treated patients had a higher rate of treatment success (aOR: 1.75, Ref.: retreatment patient); switching hospitals once (aOR: 1.78), never (aOR: 1.41), or twice (aOR: 1.37) was associated with increased treatment success (Ref.: three or more times); having zero (aOR: 1.45), one (aOR: 1.31), or two (aOR: 1.24) underlying diseases was associated with a higher rate of treatment success (Ref. three or more underlying diseases); and past smokers (aOR: 1.40) and non-smokers (aOR: 1.35) had a higher rate of treatment success (Ref.: current smokers). Conclusions: Our study identified several factors contributing to unfavorable treatment outcomes in tuberculosis patients, including male patients, foreign residents in Korea, drug-resistant TB, retreatment patients, frequent hospital switching, multiple underlying diseases, and current smoking status. These research findings could inform the development of efficient management strategies and policies for improving the treatment success rate among patients with TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21111454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T12:31:32Z","timestamp":1730377892000},"page":"1454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identifying Predictors of Unfavorable Treatment Outcomes in Tuberculosis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7026-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Yeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Pyo","family":"Myong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Younghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joohae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sooim","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhyung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieeun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon-Sung","family":"Joh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023). 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Assoc."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/11\/1454\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:25:58Z","timestamp":1760113558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/11\/1454"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph21111454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph21111454","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]}}}