{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:39:22Z","timestamp":1780583962619,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities","award":["U54MD002266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD002266"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Health risk behaviors continue to disproportionately affect Hispanic youth. Despite the existence of successful family and school-based interventions, there is a need for developing and testing individually-based preventive interventions that are easily accessed and widely disseminated. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a prototype (proof of concept) for an individual-level mobile application (app), informed by Hispanic parents and adolescents, to prevent\/reduce drug use and sexual risk behaviors among Hispanic youth. An iterative user-centered approach was used to inform the development of the app prototype via focus groups with 66 participants (n = 46 adolescents, n = 20 parents). A coding team analyzed data from the focus groups and identified major themes. The coding team summarized interview data into sub-categories that yielded five intervention modules for Hispanic adolescents, three more than originally proposed (i.e., drug use and sexual risk behaviors): (1) effective communication, (2) depression, (3) sexual health, (4) drug use, and (5) mindfulness. A mobile application for health risk behaviors can be used as an additional preventive tool to decrease the existing behavioral health disparities among Hispanic youth. Incorporating a user-centered approach to inform development is important for including the needs and voices of this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21121613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T06:58:58Z","timestamp":1733122738000},"page":"1613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of an eHealth Intervention Prototype to Prevent Health Risk Behaviors Among Hispanic Adolescents: A User-Centered Formative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yannine","family":"Estrada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6528-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Padideh","family":"Lovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devina J.","family":"Boga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Martinuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0566-9497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria I.","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Behar-Zusman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000661","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000661","article-title":"Clustering of substance use and sexual risk behaviour in adolescence: Analysis of two cohort studies","volume":"2","author":"Jackson","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.259","article-title":"Prescription drug misuse and sexual risk behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults","volume":"75","author":"Bonar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20152480","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2480","article-title":"Nonmedical use of prescription drugs and sexual risk behaviors","volume":"137","author":"Clayton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (2024, October 06). Youth Risk Behavior Survey: Data Summary & Trends Report: 2011\u20132021, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/data\/yrbs\/pdf\/YRBS_Data-Summary-Trends_Report2023_508.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (2024, October 06). Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Youth, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/factsheets\/substance_use_fact_sheet-basic.htm."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-006-9020-z","article-title":"Sexual behavior and drug use among Asian and Latino adolescents: Association with immigrant status","volume":"9","author":"Hussey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immigr. Minor. Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301874","article-title":"A systematic review of effective interventions for reducing multiple health risk behaviors in adolescence","volume":"104","author":"Hale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1363\/4311011","article-title":"Risky adolescent sexual behaviors and reproductive health in young adulthood","volume":"43","author":"Scott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2307\/2991502","article-title":"Multiple sexual partners among U.S. adolescents and young adults","volume":"30","author":"Santelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fam. Plan. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025412442870","article-title":"Parallel development of risk behaviors in adolescence: Potential pathways to co-occurrence","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.64","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention","volume":"112","author":"Hawkins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-016-0711-y","article-title":"Predictors of participation in an eHealth, family-based preventive intervention for Hispanic youth","volume":"19","author":"Perrino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3.2.e20","article-title":"What is e-health?","volume":"3","author":"Eysenbach","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32831c5500","article-title":"Efficacy of computer technology-based HIV prevention interventions: A meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Noar","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11020-005-3779-8","article-title":"Internet-based mental health interventions","volume":"7","author":"Ybarra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ment. Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ebert, D.D., Zarski, A.C., Christensen, H., Stikkelbroek, Y., Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., and Riper, H. (2015). Internet and computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in youth: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled outcome trials. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119895"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granger, D., Vandelanotte, C., Duncan, M.J., Alley, S., Schoeppe, S., Short, C., and Rebar, A. (2016). Is preference for mHealth intervention delivery platform associated with delivery platform familiarity?. BMC Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3316-2"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.07.003","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of web-based vs. educator-delivered HIV prevention for adolescent substance users: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Marsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-007-0029-2","article-title":"Current trends in Internet- and cell phone-based HIV prevention and intervention programs","volume":"4","author":"Ybarra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. HIV\/AIDS Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.56808\/2586-940X.1020","article-title":"The impact of ehealth applications in healthcare intervention: A systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Arsad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-016-0218-x","article-title":"A review of technology-based youth and family-focused interventions","volume":"20","author":"MacDonell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Child. Fam. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.01.032","article-title":"Interactive video behavioral intervention to reduce adolescent females\u2019 STD risk: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Downs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.01.001","article-title":"Efficacy of It\u2019s Your Game-Tech: A computer-based sexual health education program for middle school youth","volume":"56","author":"Peskin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PREV.0000013981.28071.52","article-title":"Issues in disseminating and replicating effective prevention programs","volume":"5","author":"Elliott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.03.013","article-title":"Evaluating the promise of health IT to enhance\/expand the reach of mental health services","volume":"35","author":"Clarke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.5579","article-title":"The use of social media for health promotion in Hispanic populations: A scoping systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Barkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Prevention CDC (2024, October 06). School Health Profiles. Secondary School Health Profiles. Available online: http:\/\/health.wusf.usf.edu\/post\/cdc-gives-us-schools-low-marks-sex-ed."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-017-0171-x","article-title":"Computer-based prevention and intervention to reduce substance use in youth","volume":"4","author":"Schinke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Addict. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9209-8","article-title":"Effects of HIV-prevention interventions for samples with higher and lower percents of Latinos and Latin Americans: A meta-analysis of change in condom use and knowledge","volume":"12","author":"Albarracin","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200102000-00011","article-title":"Strategies for improving sexual health in ethnic minorities","volume":"14","author":"Fenton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.11.002","article-title":"School-based programmes to reduce and prevent substance use in different age groups: What works for whom? Systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"44","author":"Onrust","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/002204260803800110","article-title":"Communication about sexually-related topics among hispanic substance-abusing adolescents and their parents","volume":"38","author":"Mena","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Drug Issues"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1363\/4202310","article-title":"Sexual values and risky sexual behaviors among Latino youths","volume":"42","author":"Deardorff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000402","article-title":"HIV\/Sexually transmitted infection prevention messaging: Targeting root causes of sexual risk behavior","volume":"43","author":"Manhart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"87","article-title":"Using technology to deliver mental health services to children and youth: A scoping review","volume":"23","author":"Boydell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Can. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.05.004","article-title":"Using consumer preference information to increase the reach and impact of media-based parenting interventions in a public health approach to parenting support","volume":"43","author":"Metzler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2011.09.011","article-title":"Sexual health behavior interventions for U.S. Latino adolescents: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Cardoza","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"445","article-title":"User-Centered Design","volume":"Volume 37","author":"Bainbridge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5236","article-title":"Development of a multigenerational digital lifestyle intervention for women cancer survivors and their families","volume":"29","author":"Agosto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estrada, Y., Molleda, L., Murray, A., Drumhiller, K., Tapia, M., Sardinas, K., Rosen, A., Pantin, H., Perrino, T., and Sutton, M. (2017). eHealth Familias Unidas: Pilot study of an Internet adaptation of an evidence-based family intervention to reduce drug use and sexual risk behaviors among Hispanic adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14030264"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"3","article-title":"Measuring usability with the USE Questionnaire","volume":"8","author":"Lund","year":"2001","journal-title":"Usability Interface"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1098214005283748","article-title":"A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data","volume":"27","author":"Thomas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Eval."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Dedoose, V. (2018). 8.0. 35, Web Application for Managing; Analysing; and Presenting Qualitative and Mixed Method Research Data, Socio Cultural Research Consultants, LLC."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"293","article-title":"Familia Adelante: A multi-risk reduction intervention for Latino youth and families","volume":"33","author":"Cervantes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Prim. Prev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.6.914","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a parent-centered intervention in preventing substance use and HIV risk behaviors in Hispanic adolescents","volume":"75","author":"Szapocznik","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Consul. Clin. Psych."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021). Incorporating Youth Voice and the Lived Experience in Research, The National Academies Press. Available online: https:\/\/www.nationalacademies.org\/event\/11-03-2021\/incorporating-youth-voice-and-the-lived-experience-in-research-seminar."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2023.107353","article-title":"Developer and end-user perspectives on addressing human aspect in mobile ehealth apps","volume":"166","author":"Shamsujjoha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/12\/1613\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:44:23Z","timestamp":1760114663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/21\/12\/1613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph21121613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph21121613","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}}