{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:45:49Z","timestamp":1793126749628,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]],"date-time":"2024-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)\/Artificial Intelligence\/Machine Learning Consortium to Advance Health Equity and Researcher Diversity","award":["1OT2OD032581-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1OT2OD032581-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05h1kgg64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)\/Artificial Intelligence\/Machine Learning Consortium to Advance Health Equity and Researcher Diversity","award":["5U54GM104942-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U54GM104942-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05h1kgg64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["1OT2OD032581-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1OT2OD032581-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q48ey07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","award":["5U54GM104942-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U54GM104942-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q48ey07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflation generates stress, which may lead to high rates of anxiety and depression. Given the recent surge and subsequent decline in the inflation rate in the United States, the prevalence of stress due to inflation may vary, as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of stress due to inflation and its association with anxiety and depression over time among working-age adults in the United States. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis using Household Pulse Survey (HPS) data for the following weeks: Week 50 (5\u201317 October 2022) and Week 57 (26 April\u20138 May 2023). The HPS includes questions about individuals\u2019 stress levels due to price increases in the past two months. We used logistic regressions to examine the association of stress (moderate or high stress versus little or no stress) due to inflation with depression and anxiety among working-age adults controlling for several factors, including demographic factors and social determinants of health. From October 2022 to April\u2013May 2023, the prevalence of stress due to inflation affected more than three quarters of the population (77.7% and 78.7%, respectively). In logistic regressions, we found a significant positive association of stress due to inflation with depression (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) [95% CI] = 2.22 [1.92, 2.57]) and anxiety (AOR [95% CI] = 2.50 [2.18, 2.86]). Despite a decline in the prevalence of both depression and anxiety by three percentage points over the study period, the associations between stress, due to inflation on the one hand, and anxiety and depression, on the other, persisted over time. Stress due to inflation affects more than three-quarters of Americans, and is significantly associated with depression and anxiety. Stress due to inflation is a significant and persistent public health issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22010026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T10:17:40Z","timestamp":1735640260000},"page":"26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Stress Due to Inflation and Its Association with Anxiety and Depression Among Working-Age Adults in the United States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Pathak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacotherapy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7283-6630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx NY 10458, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jahnavi","family":"Pinnamraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacotherapy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6924-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Findley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Loyola University Chicago, 820 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0371-6699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Constance","family":"Wiener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, School of Dentistry, 104A HSC Addition, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9448, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5105-0951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Integrative Emergency Services, JPS Health Network, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9440-6295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacotherapy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Sambamoorthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacotherapy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Historical Parallels to Today\u2019s Inflationary Episode|CEA (2023, August 09). 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