{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:34:21Z","timestamp":1781652861021,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The international tertiary education sector was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to the risk of negative learning and psychosocial experiences. Most international students who remained in the host countries demonstrated admirable resilience and adaptability during those challenging times. An integrative review of factors shaping international students\u2019 learning and mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Five electronic databases\u2014CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Web of Science\u2014were searched from 2020 to 2023 using the key search terms \u2018international students\u2019, \u2018tertiary education\u2019, \u2018mental health and wellbeing\u2019, and \u2018COVID\u2019. A total of 38 studies were included in this review. They revealed six factors across learning and psychosocial experiences. Predisposing factors for maladjustments included the students being younger and possessing poor English proficiency. Precipitating factors were related to online teaching\/learning, and lack of accessibility and or insufficient learning and living resources. Perpetuating factors pertained to living arrangements. The protective factor identified was institutional support. This review highlighted that multifaceted factors were associated with international students\u2019 experiences and mental health and wellbeing. In-depth understanding of risk and protective factors can help policymakers to prepare for unprecedented challenges and reduce disruptions to international students\u2019 education and mental health when studying abroad.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22010037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T13:26:25Z","timestamp":1735651585000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unravelling Factors Shaping International Students\u2019 Learning and Mental Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1520-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaqiong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatch","family":"Kalembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambili","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2015-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang-Yu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Broken Hill University Department of Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2880, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6155-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich 4350, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12663","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic effects on nursing education: Looking through the lens of a developing country","volume":"68","author":"Agu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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