{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:39:10Z","timestamp":1781015950756,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Supporting Psychological Health in First Responders (SPHIFR)","award":["20SPHIFR31-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SPHIFR31-2"]}]},{"name":"the Supporting Psychological Health in First Responders (SPHIFR)","award":["FRN 171729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN 171729"]}]},{"name":"the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)","award":["20SPHIFR31-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20SPHIFR31-2"]}]},{"name":"the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)","award":["FRN 171729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN 171729"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many clinical sites shifted towards digital delivery of mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is still much to learn regarding tailoring digitally delivered interventions for trauma-affected populations. The current study examined the perceptions of Canadian mental health clinicians who provided digitally delivered psychotherapies utilized for trauma-affected populations. Specifically, we explored the shift to digital health use, what changed with this rapid shift, what needs, problems, and solutions arose, and important future considerations associated with delivering trauma-focused and adjunct treatments digitally. Survey data were collected from 12 Canadian mental health clinician participants. Surveys were adapted from the Alberta Quality Matrix of Health and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. As a follow-up, the participants were invited to participate in either a semi-structured qualitative interview or focus group to further explore their perspectives on digitally delivered trauma-focused and adjunct therapies. Twenty-four clinician participants partook in an interview or focus group. The participants in this study supported the use of digitally delivered psychotherapies utilized for trauma-affected populations, sharing that these interventions appeared to offer similar quality of care to in-person delivery. Further research is required to address clinicians\u2019 concerns with digital delivery (e.g., patient safety) and identify other avenues in which digitally delivered psychotherapies utilized for trauma-affected populations can be engaged with and improved upon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22010081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T07:59:42Z","timestamp":1736409582000},"page":"81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Perspectives of Canadian Clinicians Regarding Digitally Delivered Psychotherapies Utilized for Trauma-Affected Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7364-3715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sidney","family":"Yap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada"},{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy, and Research Consortium, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8063-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashell R.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Child Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine S.","family":"Bright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy, and Research Consortium, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R. G.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy, and Research Consortium, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Computing Science, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9591-4355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Burback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4919-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7297-1250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0766-7708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristopher","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Youth Care, Faculty of Health and Community Studies, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7713-4099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy, and Research Consortium, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip R.","family":"Sevigny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy, and Research Consortium, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"McElheran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayfound Mental Health Group, Calgary, AB T2R 1J5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Zukiwski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haikei Health, Edmonton, AB T5W 3H1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Greenshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzette","family":"Br\u00e9mault-Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy, and Research Consortium, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.013","article-title":"COVID-19, mobile health and serious mental illness","volume":"218","author":"Torous","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Statistics Canada (2023, January 30). Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH) [Internet]. Statistics Canada. Available online: https:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb\/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=5330."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, January 25). COVID-19 Pandemic Triggers 25% Increase in Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Worldwide [Internet]. World Health Organization. Available online: www.who.int\/news\/item\/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35159","DOI":"10.2196\/35159","article-title":"Digital health interventions for delivery of mental health care: Systematic and comprehensive meta-review","volume":"9","author":"Philippe","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26369","DOI":"10.2196\/26369","article-title":"The experience of key stakeholders during the implementation and use of trauma therapy via digital health for military, veteran, and public safety personnel: Qualitative thematic analysis","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Form. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association Publishing. [5th ed. text rev.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.43.10\/11.09","article-title":"Glossary of terms: A shared understanding of the common terms used to describe psychological trauma, version 3.0","volume":"43","author":"Heber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Promot. Chronic Dis. Prev. Can."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/21507740.2022.2082596","article-title":"Digital mental health deserves investment but the questions are which interventions and where?","volume":"13","author":"Bautista","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJOB Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22079","DOI":"10.2196\/22079","article-title":"Virtual trauma-focused therapy for military members, veterans, and public safety personnel with posttraumatic stress injury: Systematic scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perri, R.L., Castelli, P., La Rosa, C., Zucchi, T., and Onofri, A. (2021). COVID-19, isolation, quarantine: On the efficacy of internet-based eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for ongoing trauma. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050579"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"American Psychological Association (2023, January 31). What You Need to Know Before Choosing Online Therapy [Internet]. American Psychological Association. Available online: www.apa.org\/topics\/telehealth\/online-therapy."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Titov, N., Hadjistavropoulos, H.D., Nielssen, O., Mohr, D.C., Andresson, G., and Dear, B.F. (2019). From research to practice: Ten lessons in delivering digital mental health services. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081239"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-021-00003-1","article-title":"An overview of and recommendations for more accessible digital mental health services","volume":"1","author":"Lattie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e9k\u00e9s, V., Aafjes-van Doorn, K., Luo, X., Prout, T.A., and Hoffmann, L. (2021). Psychotherapists\u2019 challenges with online therapy during COVID-19: Concerns about connectedness predict therapists\u2019 negative view of online therapy and its perceived efficacy over time. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.705699"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S165","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001097","article-title":"Therapists\u2019 resilience and posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"14","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1037\/gdn0000189","article-title":"Therapists\u2019 perceptions of online group therapeutic relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey-based study","volume":"26","author":"Gullo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Group Dyn. Theory Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.01.001","article-title":"Computer Therapy for the Anxiety and Depression Disorders is Effective, Acceptable and Practical Health Care: An Updated Meta-Analysis","volume":"55","author":"Andrews","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2017.1401115","article-title":"Internet-Based vs. Face-to-Face Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Psychiatric and Somatic Disorders, An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Carlbring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1046","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa020","article-title":"Remote access therapy for veterans with psychological problems: Current state of the art","volume":"185","author":"Fleuty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Health Quality Council of Alberta (2017). Healthcare Quality and Safety Management: A Framework for Alberta, Health Quality Council of Alberta. Report."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","article-title":"User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view","volume":"27","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yap, S., Allen, R.R., Aquin, C.R., Bright, K.S., Brown, M.R., Burback, L., Winkler, O., Jones, C., Hayward, J., and Wells, K. (2024). Current and future implementation of digitally delivered psychotherapies: An exploratory mixed-methods investigation of client, clinician, and community partner perspectives. Healthcare, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12191971"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2217\/cer.14.79","article-title":"Evaluating patient and stakeholder engagement in research: Moving from theory to practice","volume":"4","author":"Esmail","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comp. Eff. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2012.12.006","article-title":"Community-engaged research perspectives: Then and now","volume":"13","author":"Barkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acad. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2018.319","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)","volume":"106","author":"Patridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Libr. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, P.A., Taylor, R., Minor, B.L., Elliot, V., Fernandex, M., O\u2019Neal, L., McLeod, L., Delacqua, G., Delacqua, F., and Kirby, J. (2019). The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software partners. J. Biomed. Inform., 95.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Quality of Health Care in America (2001). Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century, National Academies Press (US)."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160940691987459","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406919874596","article-title":"Using Zoom videoconferencing for qualitative data collection: Perceptions and experiences of researchers and participants","volume":"18","author":"Archibald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Methods"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: Guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"IBM Corp (2021). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0, IBM Corp."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388","article-title":"Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations","volume":"89","author":"Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yap, S., Allen, R.R., Bright, K.S., Brown, M.R.G., Burback, L., Hayward, J., Winkler, O., Wells, K., Jones, C., and Sevigny, P.R. Pilot study exploring the perspectives of Canadian clients who received digitally delivered psychotherapies utilized for trauma affected populations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2024. submitted.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.04.09.24305560"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45718","DOI":"10.2196\/45718","article-title":"Facilitators of and barriers to integrating digital mental health into county mental health services: Qualitative interview analyses","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Form. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/jcad.12297","article-title":"The influence of trauma symptoms on the therapeutic alliance across treatment","volume":"98","author":"Lawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Couns. Dev."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/1\/81\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:25:34Z","timestamp":1759919134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/1\/81"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph22010081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph22010081","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]}}}