{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:20:33Z","timestamp":1772767233962,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Brazil (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.494063\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.494063\/2020-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tooth loss among indigenous people in the Amazon emphasizes the need for culturally appropriate oral health interventions. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of tooth loss in two remote Amazon indigenous populations. This prospective cohort evaluated a total of 47 indigenous in the permanent dentition at T0 and thirteen years later (T1) from two villages, Arara-Laranjal (n = 28, mean age 16.1 and 29.9 years) and Assurini do Xingu (n = 19, mean age 15.9 and 29.5 years), of different ethnic groups. A multilevel Poisson regression model assessed the influence of village, sex, and age on tooth loss. At T0, the indigenous people had all their permanent teeth. Forty-two lost at least one tooth (89%), and a total of 172 teeth were lost at T1 at an incidence of 97% among females and 76% in males. There was no influence of ethnicity on tooth loss (p = 1.000). A lower risk of tooth loss was associated with male subjects (\u03b2 = \u22120.50, p &lt; 0.05) but not with age. In females (22\/46.8%) and males (11\/23.4%), the highest incidence of tooth loss was the lower second molars. The risk was higher among females, and there was no influence on age, village, or ethnicity. The second and first molars were the most affected teeth. These findings suggest an increase in tooth loss caused by close contact between indigenous and urban populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22010128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T09:11:13Z","timestamp":1737364273000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence of Tooth Loss in Remote Indigenous Populations of the Amazon Region: A 13-Year Cohort Study Before and After Belo Monte Dam"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9349-1747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Travassos da Rosa Moreira","family":"Bastos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Master\u2019s Degree Program, Department of Orthodontics, University Center of Par\u00e1 (CESUPA), Bel\u00e9m 66060-575, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Oliveira","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Bel\u00e9m 66055-490, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9147-2690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucca","family":"Sicilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1335-1040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Normando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-8910.2013047004226","article-title":"Perdas dent\u00e1rias no Brasil: An\u00e1lise da Pesquisa Nacional de Sa\u00fade Bucal 2010","volume":"47","author":"Peres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2021.10.001","article-title":"Oral health, diabetes, and inflammation: Effects of oral hygiene behaviour","volume":"72","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.2000.tb00236.x","article-title":"Indigenous Australian dental health: A brief review of caries experience","volume":"45","author":"Pacza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(54)90118-9","article-title":"Stone age man\u2019s dentition: With reference to anatomically correct occlusion, the etiology of malocclusion, and a technique for its treatment","volume":"40","author":"Begg","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.14.3.238","article-title":"Blood pressure in four remote populations in the INTERSALT Study","volume":"14","author":"Carvalho","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maia, C.V.R., Mendes, F.M., and Normando, D. (2018). The impact of oral health on quality of life of urban and riverine populations of the Amazon: A multilevel analysis. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208096"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Oliveira, J.P., and Cohn, C. (2014). Belo Monte e a Quest\u00e3o Ind\u00edgena, ABA."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2016.07.005","article-title":"The short-term impacts of development-induced displacement on wealth and subjective well-being in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"87","author":"Randell","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.57.123","article-title":"Dental caries experience among indigenous children and adolescents","volume":"57","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31146-8","article-title":"Oral diseases: A global public health challenge","volume":"394","author":"Peres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberto, L.L., Silveira, M.F., de Paula, A.M.B., Ferreira E Ferreira, E., Martins, A.M.E.B.L., and Haikal, D.S. (2020). Contextual and individual determinants of tooth loss in adults: A multilevel study. BMC Oral Health, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1057-1"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Brasil Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Sa\u00fade (2007). Diretrizes Para a Aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Sa\u00fade Bucal nos Distritos Sanit\u00e1rios Especiais Ind\u00edgenas: Manual T\u00e9cnico, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Sa\u00fade FUNASA."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"12","author":"Altman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-022-1806-8","article-title":"Oral health, loneliness and social isolation. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Hajek","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652001000200008","article-title":"Dental caries experience in Indians of the Upper Xingu, Brazil","volume":"43","author":"Rigonatto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2019.104327","article-title":"The construction of the Belo Monte Dam in the Brazilian Amazon and its consequences on regional rural labor","volume":"90","author":"Calvi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"6074703","article-title":"Incidence of tooth loss in adults: A 4-year population-based prospective cohort study","volume":"2017","author":"Batista","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"67","article-title":"Fatores associados a c\u00e1rie dental e doen\u00e7a periodontal em ind\u00edgenas na Am\u00e9rica Latina: Revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica [Factors associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases in Latin American indigenous peoples: A systematic review]","volume":"35","author":"Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Panam. Salud Publica"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5223","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-812320212611.3.25352019","article-title":"Indica\u00e7\u00e3o de exodontias e fatores associados: Estudo transversal na popula\u00e7\u00e3o ind\u00edgena Kiriri [Recommendation of tooth extraction and associated factors: Cross-sectional study in the Kiriri indigenous population]","volume":"26","author":"Coelho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cien Saude Colet."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1159\/000516137","article-title":"Dental Health Inequalities among Indigenous Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"55","author":"Nath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12307","article-title":"The magnitude of Indigenous and non-Indigenous oral health inequalities in Brazil, New Zealand and Australia","volume":"45","author":"Schuch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"7679","article-title":"Tooth loss and dental visits by Indigenous American Indian\/Alaska Native adults in the USA","volume":"23","author":"Wiener","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)01054-0","article-title":"Occlusion and attrition of the primitive Yanomami Indians of Brazil","volume":"19","author":"Pereira","year":"1975","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20530","article-title":"Explaining sex differences in dental caries prevalence: Saliva, hormones, and \u201clife-history\u201d etiologies","volume":"18","author":"Lukacs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"235","article-title":"Oral health in transition: The case of Indigenous peoples from Brazil","volume":"60","author":"Arantes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350510019694","article-title":"Tooth loss and associated risk indicators in an adult urban population from south Brazil","volume":"63","author":"Susin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-71832002000200008","article-title":"Mito e arqueologia: A interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o dos Asurini do Xingu sobre os vest\u00edgios arqueol\u00f3gicos encontrados no parque ind\u00edgena Kuatinemu\u2014Par\u00e1","volume":"8","author":"Silva","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horiz. Antropol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21164","article-title":"Gender differences in oral health in South Asia: Metadata imply multifactorial biological and cultural causes","volume":"23","author":"Lukacs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1999.tb02032.x","article-title":"Edentulism among Finnish adults of working age, 1978\u20131997","volume":"27","author":"Alanen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"16","article-title":"The relationship between tooth loss and psychological factors","volume":"32","author":"Roohafza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Community Dent. Health"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190042","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-549720190042","article-title":"Epidemiological profile of caries and need for dental extraction in a Kaingang adult Indigenous population","volume":"22","author":"Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2020.3784","article-title":"Analysis of tooth extraction causes and patterns","volume":"8","author":"Sharif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.06.003","article-title":"Heritability estimates for dental caries and sucrose sweetness preference","volume":"51","author":"Bretz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12672","article-title":"Nutrition, dental caries and periodontal disease: A narrative review","volume":"44","author":"Hujoel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levin, A., Sokal-Gutierrez, K., Hargrave, A., Funsch, E., and Hoeft, K.S. (2017). Maintaining Traditions: A Qualitative Study of Early Childhood Caries Risk and Protective Factors in an Indigenous Community. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14080907"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/1\/128\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:32:20Z","timestamp":1759919540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/1\/128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph22010128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph22010128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]}}}