{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:51:17Z","timestamp":1760057477176,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Whether impairments in submaximal and maximal effort capacities in individuals following acute COVID-19 infection resemble those found in patients with chronic pulmonary disease remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the submaximal and maximal effort capacities of patients after COVID-19 infection and those with alterations in lung mechanics similar to those observed in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. This retrospective cross-sectional observational study paired a group of post-COVID-19 individuals with another group of patients with chronic respiratory disease, using spirometric patterns similar to those observed post-COVID-19. Data from Spirometry, 6 min walk test (6-MWT), and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) variables were compared, and correlations between spirometric variables and 6-WT\/CPET were examined. The final sample comprised 20 patients, including 10 post-COVID-19 patients with a restrictive lung disease (RLD) pattern identified using spirometry and 10 patients with RLD. Both groups presented similar patterns of the analyzed variables, with significant correlations observed between forced vital capacity (FVC) the distance and speed achieved during the 6-MWT, and a negative correlation between FVC and V\u2019 E max. The degree of restriction in the overall sample influenced the covered distance and speed during the 6-MWT as well as the maximum minute ventilation during maximal effort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22020261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T03:41:57Z","timestamp":1739331717000},"page":"261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Submaximal and Maximal Effort Capacities in Patients Post-COVID-19 and Individuals with Chronic Restrictive Lung Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Karissa Yasmim Ara\u00fajo","family":"Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation at the An\u00e1polis University Center, Av Universit\u00e1ria km 3.5, Bloco B2, sl 501, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Xavier","family":"de Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Unit, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio de Bras\u00edlia, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, SGAN 604\/605, Av L2 norte, Bras\u00edlia 70840-901, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Lara Fernandes Bonner Ara\u00fajo","family":"Riscado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Unit, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio de Bras\u00edlia, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, SGAN 604\/605, Av L2 norte, Bras\u00edlia 70840-901, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation at the An\u00e1polis University Center, Av Universit\u00e1ria km 3.5, Bloco B2, sl 501, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deise A. A. P.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation at the An\u00e1polis University Center, Av Universit\u00e1ria km 3.5, Bloco B2, sl 501, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-1548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irans\u00e9","family":"Oliveira-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation at the An\u00e1polis University Center, Av Universit\u00e1ria km 3.5, Bloco B2, sl 501, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3852-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds V. F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation at the An\u00e1polis University Center, Av Universit\u00e1ria km 3.5, Bloco B2, sl 501, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dante Brasil","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation at the An\u00e1polis University Center, Av Universit\u00e1ria km 3.5, Bloco B2, sl 501, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, GO, Brazil"},{"name":"Pulmonary and Metabolic Rehabilitation Program, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio de Bras\u00edlia, Universidade de Bras\u00edlia, SGAN 604\/605, Av L2 norte, Bras\u00edlia 70840-901, DF, Brazil"},{"name":"Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Hospital de Apoio de Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70684-831, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1057\/s41301-020-00273-x","article-title":"COVID-19 and Private Health: Market and Governance Failure","volume":"63","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00019.2020","article-title":"Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Mechanisms Underlying Disease Severity and Progression","volume":"35","author":"Bohn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"323","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z","article-title":"Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Nalbandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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