{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T02:53:59Z","timestamp":1780455239101,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institute of Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AG070949-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AG070949-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined neighborhood-level demographic, economic, and social characteristics and food and health-services access to gauge the vulnerability of older-adult neighborhoods in New York State (NYS), which is understudied and is significant given the rapid aging of populations worldwide. We conducted descriptive ecological analyses using data from the American Community Survey, historical redlining maps, Social Capital Instruments, U.S. Department of Agriculture food access atlas, ESRI businesses, and Social Determinants of Health. We compared census tracts classified as having high and low levels of older-adult population; among those identified as high-older-adult neighborhoods, we then examined tracts with high and low levels of adult population living alone and in poverty. Our results showed that NYS neighborhoods with large shares of the older adult population are generally faring well in terms of their socioeconomic status, social capital, lack of social isolation, and health services access. However, the older-adult neighborhoods with larger shares of the population living alone and in poverty fare worse, living in areas with poorer socioeconomic status, lower social capital, and considered medically underserved. NYS older adult communities are projected to increase by 2030. Resources should be invested in such areas with vulnerable groups so populations may age in equitable and accessible communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22030332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T10:04:28Z","timestamp":1740391468000},"page":"332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mapping the Vulnerability of Older-Adult Neighborhoods: An Ecological Study of New York State"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8412-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Friedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 348 Arts & Sciences Building 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0969-6048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunxu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 348 Arts & Sciences Building 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4271-4584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tse-Chuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 348 Arts & Sciences Building 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Planning, University at Albany, State University of New York, 348 Arts & Sciences Building 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8057-3092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran Hossain","family":"Mithu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community, Environment and Policy Division, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Manganello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, College of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Romeiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5535-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"New York State Office for the Aging (2021). 2021 Annual Report New York State Office for the Aging."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Schultz, L. (2019). Introducing New York\u2019s Rural Economies, Rockefeller Institute of Government."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020). Decade of Healthy Ageing: Baseline Report, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2007). Global Age-Friendly Cities: A Guide, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015). Measuring the Age-Friendliness of Cities: A Guide to Using Core Indicators, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnab051","article-title":"Assessing Age-Friendly Community Progress: What Have We Learned?","volume":"62","author":"Black","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2020.102357","article-title":"Aging-in-Place and the Spatial Distribution of Older Adult Vulnerability in Canada","volume":"125","author":"Channer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1133","article-title":"A GIS Approach to Identifying Socially and Medically Vulnerable Older Adult Populations in South Florida","volume":"57","author":"Hames","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rugel, E.J., Chow, C.K., Corsi, D.J., Hystad, P., Rangarajan, S., Yusuf, S., and Lear, S.A. (2022). Developing Indicators of Age-Friendly Neighbourhood Environments for Urban and Rural Communities across 20 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries. BMC Public Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12438-5"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-6237.8402002","article-title":"Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards*","volume":"84","author":"Cutter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Q."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2024.104576","article-title":"The Origin and Diffusion of the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI)","volume":"109","author":"Cutter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-021-04938-9","article-title":"The Constituent Components and Local Indicator Variables of Social Vulnerability Index","volume":"110","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-022-00435-8","article-title":"Assessing Community-Level Exposure to Social Vulnerability and Isolation: Spatial Patterning and Urban-Rural Differences","volume":"33","author":"Deziel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mah, J.C., Penwarden, J.L., Pott, H., Theou, O., and Andrew, M.K. (2023). Social Vulnerability Indices: A Scoping Review. BMC Public Health, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16097-6"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13304","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.13304","article-title":"Developing an Open Data Intermediation Business Model: Insights from the Case of Esri","volume":"29","author":"Shaharudin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trans. GIS"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/socpro\/spab053","article-title":"Unemployment and Opioid-Related Mortality Rates in U.S. Counties: Investigating Social Capital and Social Isolation-Smoking Pathways","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc. Probl."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154305","article-title":"The Independent and Synergistic Impacts of Power Outages and Floods on Hospital Admissions for Multiple Diseases","volume":"828","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau (2024, September 30). American Community Survey [ACS] 2019, 5-Year Summary Data File, Available online: https:\/\/www2.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/acs\/summary_file\/2019\/prototype\/."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"United Health Foundation (2024, September 30). America\u2019s Health Rankings Senior Report 2018; 2018. Available online: https:\/\/assets.americashealthrankings.org\/app\/uploads\/ahrsenior18-finalv1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Nelson, R.K., and Winling, L. (2024, September 30). Mapping Inequality: Redlining in New Deal America. Available online: https:\/\/dsl.richmond.edu\/panorama\/redlining\/."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Richardson, J., Mitchell, B., Edlebi, J., Meier, H., and Lynch, E. (2020). The Lasting Impact of Historic \u201cRedlining\u201d on Neighborhood Health: Higher Prevalence of COVID-19 Risk Factors, National Community Reinvestment Coalition."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture (2019). Food Access Research Atlas: Documentation."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024, September 30). Census Tract Level State Maps of the Modified Food Environment Index (mRFEI) 2012, Available online: https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/61367."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2024, September 30). ESRI ArcGIS Pro\u2013Business Analyst Data 2020. Available online: https:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/latest\/help\/analysis\/business-analyst\/data-overview.htm."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AHRQ (2024, September 30). Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) Database: Data Source Documentation; 2021, Available online: https:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/sdoh\/data-analytics\/sdoh-data.html."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10275-z","article-title":"Social Capital\u2019s Impact on COVID-19 Outcomes at Local Levels","volume":"12","author":"Fraser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2024.104924","article-title":"Where Will Older Adults Reside? Evidence from Calgary, Canada","volume":"149","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dao, T.H.D., Dao, K.A., and Barboza-Salerno, G. (2024). Uncovering Spatial Patterns of Residential Settlements, Segregation, and Vulnerability of Urban Seniors Using Geospatial Analytics and Modeling Techniques. Urban Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/urbansci8030081"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/15.1_Part_2.16","article-title":"Residential Concentrations of the Future Elderly","volume":"15","author":"Golant","year":"1975","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/016402758022003","article-title":"Why Older People Move: Theoretical Issues","volume":"2","author":"Wiseman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Res. Aging"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2011.03.007","article-title":"Natural Neighborhood Networks\u2014Important Social Networks in the Lives of Older Adults Aging in Place","volume":"25","author":"Gardner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Aging Stud."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/27.3.266","article-title":"Migration Patterns among the Elderly: A Developmental Perspective","volume":"27","author":"Litwak","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Crenshaw, K. (2013). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. Feminist Legal Theories, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/23251042.2017.1408549","article-title":"Using an Intersectional Approach to Advance Understanding of Homeless Persons\u2019 Vulnerability to Disaster","volume":"4","author":"Vickery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pope, N.E., Greenfield, E.A., Keyes, L., and Russell, E. (2024). A Review of Public Sector Engagement in Age-Friendly Community Initiatives. J. Aging Soc. Policy, 1\u201329.","DOI":"10.1080\/08959420.2024.2376934"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/08854122231160796","article-title":"Making Communities Age-Friendly: Lessons from Implemented Programs","volume":"39","author":"Forsyth","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plan. Lit."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gnad106","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnad106","article-title":"Measuring Age-Friendliness of Transportation and Mobility Characteristics in Communities: A Scoping Review","volume":"64","author":"Hansmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.107922","article-title":"Ten Questions Concerning Age-Friendly Cities and Communities and the Built Environment","volume":"199","author":"Marston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Build. Environ."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/3\/332\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:41:34Z","timestamp":1760028094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/3\/332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph22030332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph22030332","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]}}}