{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T11:39:59Z","timestamp":1787917199672,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Hospital Research Foundation","award":["2021\/77-83100-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/77-83100-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disempowering experiences of military service and transition for women veterans exist within an established, dominant, masculinised culture, in which their presence is highly visible, challenged, and often subject to institutional prejudice. Sexual abuse of women in the military, in particular, is a persistent finding in contemporary international research and national inquiries into military culture in countries such as Australia, the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), and Canada. This study sought to understand military service, transition to civilian life, and post-military experiences of Australian women veterans, specifically their experiences of discrimination, military sexual harassment and assault, and consequent military sexual trauma (MST). In-depth qualitative interviews were undertaken with 22 Australian women veterans that examined how women veterans manage their identity as women in the military. Issues included gender-based challenges in conforming to a masculinised culture, experiences of misogyny, sexual harassment and assault, systemic failures to recognize women\u2019s specific health needs, and experiences of separation from the military and transition, including help-seeking and engagement with services to address their experiences of MST. Women veterans\u2019 adverse experiences largely stemmed from an entrenched masculinised military culture, in which military sexual assault was enabled, ignored, and condoned. Military and veteran support services have been slow to recognize, acknowledge, and address this significant issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22040584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:41:51Z","timestamp":1744270911000},"page":"584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Australian Women Veterans\u2019 Experiences of Gendered Disempowerment and Abuse Within Military Service and Transition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5464-8887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Lawn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"},{"name":"Open Door Initiative, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Lived Experience Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Waddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"},{"name":"Open Door Initiative, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3678-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"},{"name":"Open Door Initiative, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Rioseco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Beks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Open Door Initiative, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3640-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liz","family":"McNeill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"},{"name":"Open Door Initiative, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Everitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Open Door Initiative, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Defence Force Welfare Association SA Branch, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Open Door Initiative, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Cambrian Executive, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9775-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Mordaunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"},{"name":"Open Door Initiative, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Wellington Free Ambulance, Wellington 6140, New Zealand"},{"name":"Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Tarrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Open Door Initiative, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Veterans SA, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Van Hooff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gallipoli Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"},{"name":"Military and Emergency Services Health Australia (MESHA), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5274-0153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Wadham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"},{"name":"Open Door Initiative, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Australian Defence Force (2025, February 27). 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