{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T08:45:30Z","timestamp":1772613930057,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institute of Health (NIH)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21MD013542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21MD013542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Boston University Center for Innovation in Social Work &amp; Health","award":["R21MD013542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21MD013542"]}]},{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health","award":["R21MD013542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21MD013542"]}]},{"name":"Boston University School of Social Work (SSW) Research Collaboration Development Pilot Funding","award":["R21MD013542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21MD013542"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the association between perceived discrimination and body mass index (BMI) in Asian American (AA) women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data used were from the Epidemiology\/Epigenetics of Asian Women\u2019s Action for Resilience and Empowerment (Epi AWARE) study, which enrolled 157 AA women aged 18 to 59 between December 2019 and September 2022. Two sets of questions measured \u201ceveryday\u201d (e.g., \u201cHow often do people act as if you are dishonest?\u201d) and \u201clifetime\u201d (e.g., \u201cunfair treatment due to your race at school\u201d) discrimination. Responses were combined, creating a cumulative score, and dichotomized into \u201cno\u201d versus \u201cany\u201d discrimination. Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate BMI, dichotomized as &lt;25 kg\/m2 and \u226525 kg\/m2. Multivariable binomial regression estimated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Overall, women reporting any versus no discrimination were more likely to be classified as having a BMI \u2265 25 kg\/m2 (RR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.06\u20134.13). The RR for women who responded during the COVID-19 pandemic (20 March 2020 or later) was 2.65 (95% CI: 0.82\u20138.58); the RR for pre-pandemic response was 1.93 (95% CI: 0.75\u20135.01). Our data suggest that experiences of racism may impact BMI among AA women. Further research is needed to identify mechanisms and design appropriate interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22050661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T20:24:52Z","timestamp":1745353492000},"page":"661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Body Mass Index (BMI) Among Asian American Women Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2715-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uyen-Sa D. T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population & Community Health, College of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6622-7628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeouk Chris","family":"Hahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0199-0424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarpong","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population & Community Health, College of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA"},{"name":"Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4301-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phuong Khanh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Gururaghavendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Child Health Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0625-7256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvette C.","family":"Cozier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.113905","article-title":"Association of All-Cause Mortality with Overweight and Obesity Using Standard Body Mass Index Categories","volume":"309","author":"Flegal","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e984","article-title":"Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Poirier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pati, S., Irfan, W., Jameel, A., Ahmed, S., and Shahid, R.K. 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