{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:13:29Z","timestamp":1760033609279,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: A sedentary lifestyle may aggravate temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms, increasing pain sensitivity and functional limitations. Physical exercise is recommended for pain management and improving quality of life. Comparing CrossFit\u00ae athletes to sedentary individuals allows for examining whether regular high-intensity exercise impacts pain sensitivity and functional limitations associated with TMD. This cross-sectional study assessed the signs and symptoms of TMD in CrossFit\u00ae athletes compared to sedentary individuals. (2) Methods: Participants (n = 121) were divided into four groups: sedentary with TMD (n = 39), sedentary without TMD (n = 37), CrossFit\u00ae athletes with TMD (n = 23), and CrossFit\u00ae athletes without TMD (n = 22). TMD signs and symptoms were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC\/TMD) axis I, including mandibular movement patterns, range of motion, joint sounds, muscle pain, and jaw dysfunctions. Statistical analyses included chi-square and Dunn\u2019s post hoc tests, ANOVA, and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to examine associations between CrossFit\u00ae practice and TMD (p \u2264 0.05). (3) Results: Myofascial pain was the most common diagnosis. All athlete groups exhibited greater mandibular movement amplitudes (unassisted opening without pain, p &lt; 0.001, and protrusion, p = 0.039) and less pain (p &lt; 0.001) than sedentary individuals. Pain reports and palpation-induced pain in muscles and joints were significantly associated with a sedentary lifestyle and TMD (p &lt; 0.001). Joint and muscle pain were more prevalent (frequent) among sedentary participants, regardless of TMD diagnosis. Linear regression analysis showed that sedentary individuals without TMD had significantly reduced unassisted mouth opening amplitudes compared to athletes without TMD (p &lt; 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Pain in the masseter, temporalis, posterior digastric, and medial pterygoid muscles was the most common symptom in sedentary individuals with TMD. They experience higher frequency and intensity of pain, as well as greater limitations in mouth movement. Athletes showed higher frequency of joint noises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22050785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T06:57:28Z","timestamp":1747378648000},"page":"785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Temporomandibular Disorder Signs and Symptoms in CrossFit\u00ae Athletes and Sedentary Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4236-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula Varela Brown","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis Campus, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-535, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranele Luiza Ferreira","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Governador Valadares 35020-220, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caio C\u00e9sar Ferreira Versiani","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Governador Valadares 35020-220, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6508-3503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia Meller Dias","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis Campus, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-535, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Beatriz Freitas","family":"D\u2019Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29040-090, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3108-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Barbosa","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina Noronha Ferraz","family":"de Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana Silva","family":"Ribeiro de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis Campus, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-535, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Miarka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Combat Sports, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6118-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maur\u00edcio Malheiros","family":"Badar\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis Campus, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-535, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416686302","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: Old ideas and new concepts","volume":"37","author":"List","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Leeuw, R., and Klasser, G. 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