{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T16:04:21Z","timestamp":1781539461625,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities in Spain","award":["PID2022-142755OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-142755OB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Examining public attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination is crucial for understanding the global effort to combat the ongoing pandemic. Social media platforms such as YouTube play a significant role in the dissemination of information and misinformation about the vaccine, making it imperative to analyze user comments to gain insights into vaccine perceptions. Analyzing the Philippines case is particularly significant as it provides insights into the attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in a country that has been heavily impacted by the pandemic. The current study investigates the discourse surrounding vaccine hesitancy in comments on YouTube videos announcing the COVID-19 vaccination campaign by the Philippines national TV channels and its impact on engagement levels. A total of 741 YouTube comments were analyzed, with 80% exhibiting vaccine-hesitant related discourse. The results indicate that those with negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination exhibit higher engagement levels than those supporting vaccination (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the most commonly used themes in vaccine-hesitant posts were \u201cingredients\u201d, \u201chealth department control\u201d, \u201cpharmaceutical interest\u201d, and \u201cadverse effects\u201d. Moreover, 134 sources were identified among the posts, with vaccine-hesitant posts utilizing more sources than supportive vaccine posts (p &lt; 0.001). The most significant information sources utilized in the posts were related to other YouTube users, politicians, clinicians, and scientific papers. Finally, a total of 890 discourses were coded, with the most frequently used discourse types among vaccine-hesitant posts being negationist, institutional, preventive, political, and pharmaceutical. These findings offer valuable insights into the nature and prevalence of vaccine hesitancy discourse on social media platforms and its impact on public engagement. This study highlights the importance of targeted communication strategies and the provision of accurate information from reliable sources in addressing vaccine hesitancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22060819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T10:24:45Z","timestamp":1747909485000},"page":"819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring Vaccine Hesitancy in the Philippines: A Content Analysis of Comments on National TV Channel YouTube Videos"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7581-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Fritz","family":"Silvallana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication and Media Studies, Davao del Norte State College, Panabo City 8105, Philippines"},{"name":"School of Communication and Creative Arts, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1330-4324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication and Media Studies, Madrid University Carlos III, 28903 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-4984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Catalan-Matamoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication and Media Studies, Madrid University Carlos III, 28903 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12283","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400472111","article-title":"History of vaccination","volume":"111","author":"Plotkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. 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