{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T01:15:49Z","timestamp":1781831749181,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Awake Bruxism (AB) is defined as masticatory muscle activity during wakefulness, characterized by repetitive or sustained tooth contact and\/or the bracing or thrusting of the mandible. AB remains less understood than Sleep Bruxism (SB), and its identification remains a methodological challenge. The aim of this study was to introduce the Awake Bruxism Identification Tool (ABIT), developed for children and adolescents aged 8 to 12 years, to facilitate the identification of AB. The tool integrates data from self-reports, clinical examinations, and the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). It comprises questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale, an analog EMA component involving color-based responses, and a clinical inspection. The tool adopts the concept of an \u201cAB Spectrum\u201d, as it generates individualized scores based on the combined outcomes of these multiple assessment components. The ABIT was piloted with ten families to evaluate its comprehensibility, applicability, and reliability. The results demonstrated that the participants found the questions understandable, that the tool had a minimal impact on daily family routines, and that it required approximately 5\u201310 min to complete. Additionally, the test\u2013retest reliability indicated temporal stability. In terms of identification, four children were classified within the \u201cAB identified by report and self-report,\u201d while three were identified through the \u201creport, self-report, and EMA.\u201d Based on participant feedback, adjustments were made to the instrument, including the addition of an item addressing Sleep Bruxism. Although the ABIT is being applied for the first time in a research setting, it presents a promising, clinically relevant approach grounded in the self-perception of children and their caregivers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22070982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T10:44:41Z","timestamp":1750761881000},"page":"982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Awake Bruxism Identification: A Specialized Assessment Tool for Children and Adolescents\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6527-7903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00fabia Rafaela","family":"Ribeiro-Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade Coletiva, Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4043-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Cec\u00edlia Farias","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade Coletiva, Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9495-1808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Rita Vicente","family":"Marceliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade Coletiva, Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7546-5262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Beatriz Duarte","family":"Gavi\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade Coletiva, Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12425","article-title":"Bruxism Is a Continuously Distributed Behaviour, but Disorder Decisions Are Dichotomous (Response to Letter by Manfredini, De Laat, Winocur, & Ahlberg (2016))","volume":"43","author":"Raphael","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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