{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T03:38:01Z","timestamp":1789702681430,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Nursing Research of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01NR021156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NR021156"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While IPV is often studied as a predictor of housing insecurity, few U.S. studies explore how different forms of housing instability may contribute to intimate partner violence (IPV) risk. Using a mixed-methods approach and a cross-sectional design, this study examined the association between four housing instability domains and IPV among a sample of tenants that had either experienced eviction or were at high risk for eviction. Tenants in Harris and Travis counties (Texas, USA) completed an online survey (n = 1085; March\u2013July 2024). Housing instability was assessed across four domains: homelessness, lease violations, utility hardship, and poor housing quality. IPV was measured using the Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream Screener. Covariate-adjusted logistic regression models suggest indicators within the four housing instability domains were associated with IPV risk. Within the homelessness domain, experiences with lifetime homelessness (AOR = 1.92, 95%CI 1.61\u20132.28), in the past 12 months living in unconventional spaces (AOR = 2.10, 95%CI 1.92\u20132.29), and moving in with others (AOR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.06\u20131.36) were associated with IPV. Within the lease violations domain, missed rent payments (AOR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.68\u20131.71) and non-payment lease violations (AOR = 2.50, 95%CI 2.29\u20132.73) in the past 12 months were associated with IPV. Utility shutoffs (AOR = 1.62, 95%CI 1.37\u20131.91) and unsafe housing (AOR = 1.65, 95%CI 1.31\u20132.09) in the past 12 months were associated with IPV. Homelessness, housing-related economic hardships and substandard living conditions predict an elevated risk of IPV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22081212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T06:37:47Z","timestamp":1754030267000},"page":"1212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Domains of Housing Instability and Intimate Partner Violence Risk Among U.S. Tenants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Anairany","family":"Zapata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila G.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalynn M.","family":"Galvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3329-5282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyaw","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0329-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather K.","family":"Way","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5232-749X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daphne C.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, July 13). 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