{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:39:42Z","timestamp":1760060382719,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-033293","#1W1CMS331826-01-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-033293","#1W1CMS331826-01-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services","award":["INV-033293","#1W1CMS331826-01-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-033293","#1W1CMS331826-01-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restricted the availability of healthcare and social services. This retrospective study reports WIC enrollment rates and presents descriptive data on prenatal care access and selected maternal health conditions among pregnant women in Florida before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using birth data linking maternal and infant characteristics from the Florida Department of Health Bureau of Vital Statistics, we examined birth records from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020 related to women ranging from 11 to 59 years of age who received WIC. The descriptive results show that WIC recipients had higher rates of inadequate prenatal care and adverse maternal health outcomes during the pandemic. Logistic regression results show that the odds of receiving inadequate prenatal care increased by 24% (OR = 1.24, p &lt; 0.001), the odds of experiencing gestational diabetes by 9% (OR = 1.09, p &lt; 0.001), and the odds of experiencing gestational hypertension by 10% (OR = 1.10, p &lt; 0.001). Further research is needed to evaluate how specific WIC services influence maternal outcomes, particularly during public health emergencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22091354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T12:25:57Z","timestamp":1756470357000},"page":"1354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal Outcomes of WIC Recipients Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Arlesia","family":"Mathis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4886-3564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah G.","family":"Buxbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran","family":"Close","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6440-3974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra G.","family":"Suther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economic, Social, and Administrative Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mazzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Remelda","family":"Saunders-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Practice, 1725 Capital Circle, NE, Suite 305, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fayetta","family":"Justin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Outreach, 2770 Capital Medical Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0600-1085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karam F. A.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selina","family":"Darling-Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ridberg, R.A., Levi, R., Marpadga, S., Akers, M., Tancredi, D.J., and Seligman, H.K. (2022). Additional Fruit and Vegetable Vouchers for Pregnant WIC Clients: An Equity-Focused Strategy to Improve Food Security and Diet Quality. 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Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001779","article-title":"Maternal Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S.: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis","volume":"35","author":"Jackson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/9\/1354\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:35:11Z","timestamp":1760034911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/9\/1354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph22091354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph22091354","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]}}}