{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:42:36Z","timestamp":1787244156077,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["ZZUE and W02W"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZUE and W02W"]}]},{"name":"Matching Fund of the Research Grants Council","award":["ZH4Q"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZH4Q"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the gradual decline in COVID-19 cases, there is a need to re-visit the mental health of adolescents and emerging adults in the post-pandemic period. Several observations can be highlighted from the scientific literature. First, while some studies suggest that mental health of young people has worsened in the post-pandemic period, there are inconsistent and conflicting findings. Second, there are more studies on psychological morbidity than on positive psychological attributes. Third, compared with the West, there are relatively fewer Chinese studies. Fourth, compared with adolescents, there are relatively fewer studies on emerging adults. Based on these observations of the existing literature, I have detailed several reflections on the mental health of young people, including enhancing positive psychological attributes in young people through positive youth development (PYD) programs, building up the individual resilience of young people, strengthening family resilience, adopting multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches in understanding the mental health of young people, building more well-articulated theoretical models, charting future research directions, and developing intervention strategies in the post-pandemic period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22101574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T14:04:02Z","timestamp":1760537042000},"page":"1574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mental Health of Young People in the Post-Pandemic Era: Perspective Based on Positive Psychology and Resilience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3359-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel T. L.","family":"Shek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dewa, L.H., Roberts, L., Choong, E., Crandell, C., Demkowicz, O., Ashworth, E., Branquinho, C., and Scott, S. (2024). The Impact of COVID-19 on Young People\u2019s Mental Health, Wellbeing and Routine from a European Perspective: A Co-Produced Qualitative Systematic Review. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299547"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-024-10108-7","article-title":"Diminished Adolescent Social Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"17","author":"Furlong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00108-1","article-title":"Mental Health After the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Finnish Youth: A Repeated, Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study","volume":"11","author":"Kiviruusu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e15841","article-title":"Psychological Well-Being of Young Adults During COVID-19 Pandemic: Lesson Learned and Future Research Agenda","volume":"9","author":"Luthra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.08.070","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies","volume":"340","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"309","article-title":"Navigating the \u201cMental Health Crisis\u201d in Adolescents in the Aftermath of COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience and Insights from Frontline Psychiatric Service","volume":"20","author":"Mucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01856-w","article-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Systematic Review","volume":"32","author":"Panchal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petersen, M.W., Dantoft, T.M., Jensen, J.S., Pedersen, H.F., Frostholm, L., Benros, M.E., Carstensen, T.B.W., Ornbol, E., and Fink, P. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental and Physical Health in Denmark\u2014A Longitudinal Population-Based Study Before and During the First Wave. BMC Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11472-7"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.03.023","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 Mental Health Distress in 13 Million Youth: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Electronic Health Records","volume":"64","author":"Clay","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rangul, V., Sund, E.R., Ingul, J.M., Rimehaug, T., Pape, K., and Kval\u00f8y, K. (2024). Exploring the Link Between Physical Activity, Sports Participation, and Loneliness in Adolescents Before and into the COVID-19 Pandemic: The HUNT Study, Norway. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21111417"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, H., Kalembo, F., Nair, A., Lim, E., Hou, X.-Y., and Ng, L. (2025). Unravelling Factors Shaping International Students\u2019 Learning and Mental Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22010037"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sartorao, A.L.V., and SartoraoFilho, C.I. (2024). Anxiety and Depression Disorders in Undergraduate Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Literature Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202410.0037.v1"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307543","article-title":"Adolescent Mental Health and Well-Being: A Public Health of Consequence, February 2024","volume":"114","author":"Kapadia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bersia, M., Charrier, L., Zanaga, G., Gaspar, T., Moreno-Maldonado, C., Grimaldi, P., Koumantakis, E., Dalmasso, P., and Comoretto, R.I. (2024). Well-Being Among University Students in The Post-COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Country Survey. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69141-9"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.04.002","article-title":"Adolescent Health in the Post-Pandemic Era: Evolving Stressors, Interventions, and Prevention Strategies amid Rising Depression and Suicidality","volume":"71","author":"Close","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ning, X., Luo, X., and Guo, S. (2024). Researching into Chinese University Students\u2019 Mental Health in The Post-Pandemic Era\u2014Problems and Causes. Front. Psychol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1393603"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1080\/00131911.2024.2371836","article-title":"\u201cThe New Normal Isn\u2019t Normal\u201d: To What Extent Has The Covid-19 Pandemic Affected Secondary School Children\u2019s Mental Health and Wellbeing in The North of England?","volume":"77","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Educ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Young, E., and Young, K. (2024). Student Growth in the Post-COVID Era, Curriculum Associates. Available online: https:\/\/cdn.bfldr.com\/LS6J0F7\/at\/4rqc5wtpxqf85mk4pxj6rm7\/ca-2024-summer-researchstudent-growth-technical-report.pdf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2024.103086","article-title":"Back to School after COVID-19 Pandemic: Resumption or Transitional Disruption?","volume":"109","author":"Asadullah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Dev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/08295735211001653","article-title":"COVID-19 and Student Well-Being: Stress and Mental Health during Return-to-School","volume":"36","author":"Schwartz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can. J. Sch. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102940","article-title":"Post Pandemic School Reluctance\u2014Do Children Require Attention, Support, and Intervention?","volume":"67","author":"Banerjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.307194","article-title":"Redefining the Role of Public Health Professionals Serving Black Youths Seeking Mental Health Care: Implications for Training and Mentoring","volume":"113","author":"Novacek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Ke, X., Liu, J., Du, J., Zhang, J., Jiang, X., Zhou, T., and Xiao, X. (2024). Trends and Factors Influencing the Mental Health of College Students in the Post-Pandemic: Four Consecutive Cross-Sectional Surveys. Front. Psychol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1387983"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488700","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2025.2488700","article-title":"Mental Health During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study Over 42 Months in Five European Countries","volume":"16","author":"Kenntemich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychotraumatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.02.037","article-title":"Changes and Predictors of Mental Health of Chinese University Students After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Two-Year Study","volume":"352","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reutter, M., Hutterer, K., Gr\u00fcndahl, M., Gall, D., Dannlowski, U., Domschke, K., Leehr, E.J., Lonsdorf, T.B., Lueken, U., and Reif, A. (2024). Mental Health Improvement After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Individuals with Psychological Distress. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55839-3"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shek, D.T.L. (2025). Quality of Life in Young People in the Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Eras: Empirical, Theoretical, Methodological, and Intervention Considerations. Appl. Res. Qual. Life, ASAP Article.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-025-10475-5"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35494","article-title":"Has COVID-19 Left an Imprint on Our Levels of Life Satisfaction? Empirical Evidence From the Netherlands","volume":"10","author":"Tailbot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70021","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.70021","article-title":"Stability and Change in Life Satisfaction in Japan Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"17","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Health Well-Being"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2024.104709","article-title":"Pandemic Rollercoaster: University Students\u2019 Trajectories of Emotional Exhaustion, Satisfaction, Enthusiasm, and Dropout Intentions Pre-, During, and Post-COVID-19","volume":"148","author":"Schriek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Teach. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/14729679.2024.2312920","article-title":"Building Resilience and Well-Being for Post-COVID Adolescents Through Outdoor Adventure","volume":"25","author":"Allan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adventure Educ. Outdoor Learn."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shek, D.T.L., Chai, W.Y., Wong, T., and Zhou, K. (2023). Stress and Depressive Symptoms in University Students in Hong Kong Under the Pandemic: Moderating Effect of Positive Psychological Attributes. Front. Psychol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1071938"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.01.011","article-title":"The Impact of Positive Youth Development Attributes on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents Under COVID-19","volume":"68","author":"Shek","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2021.1871945","article-title":"Positive Psychology in a Pandemic: Buffering, Bolstering, and Building Mental Health","volume":"17","author":"Waters","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Posit. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2021.1950695","article-title":"Social Belonging, Compassion, and Kindness: Key Ingredients for Fostering Resilience, Recovery, and Growth from the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"35","author":"Slavich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-024-00793-0","article-title":"Regaining Mental Well-Being in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic with a Digital Multicomponent Positive Psychology Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"25","author":"Kraiss","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skalski, S.B., Konaszewski, K., B\u00fcssing, A., and Surzykiewicz, J. (2022). Resilience and Mental Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Serial Mediation by Persistent Thinking and Anxiety About Coronavirus. Front. Psychiatry, 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.810274"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto, T.M., Laurence, P.G., Macedo, C.R., and Macedo, E.C. (2021). Resilience Programs for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.754115"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"131","article-title":"Positive Youth Development: Current Perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Shek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adolesc. Health Med. Ther."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.170","article-title":"Toward a Psychology of Positive Youth Development","volume":"55","author":"Larson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-019-09488-7","article-title":"Positive Youth Development Across Cultures: Introduction to the Special Issue","volume":"48","author":"Wiium","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Youth Care Forum"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Benson, P.L. (1997). All Kids Are Our Kids: What Communities Must Do to Raise Caring and Responsible Children and Adolescents, Jossey-Bass. [2nd ed.]. Available online: http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2006-13341-000."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386492-5.00008-7","article-title":"The Contribution of the Developmental Assets Framework to Positive Youth Development Theory and Practice","volume":"Volume 41","author":"Lerner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in Child Development and Behavior"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5195\/jyd.2011.174","article-title":"Positive Youth Development: Processes, Programs, and Problematics","volume":"6","author":"Lerner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Youth Dev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowers, E.P., Geldhof, G.J., Johnson, S.K., Hilliard, L.J., Hershberg, R.M., Lerner, J.V., and Lerner, R.M. (2015). The Five Cs Model of Positive Youth Development. Promoting Positive Youth Development: Lessons from the 4-H Study, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12864","article-title":"Promoting Positive Youth Development Through School-Based Social and Emotional Learning Interventions: A Meta-Analysis of Follow-Up Effects","volume":"88","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12739","article-title":"Social-Emotional Competence: An Essential Factor for Promoting Positive Adjustment and Reducing Risk in School Children","volume":"88","author":"Domitrovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x","article-title":"The Impact of Enhancing Students\u2019 Social and Emotional Learning: A Meta-Analysis of School-Based Universal Interventions","volume":"82","author":"Durlak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-015-0618-z","article-title":"How Do School-Based Prevention Programs Impact Teachers? Findings from a Randomized Trial of an Integrated Classroom Management and Social-Emotional Program","volume":"17","author":"Domitrovich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"15","article-title":"Positive Youth Development in the United States: Research Findings on Evaluations of Positive Youth Development Programs","volume":"5","author":"Catalano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prev. Treat."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-024-10350-9","article-title":"Enhancement of Psychosocial Competence and Well-Being of Chinese High School Students Under the COVID-19 Pandemic: Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Project in Mainland China","volume":"19","author":"Shek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Res. Qual. Life"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shek, D.T.L., and Dou, D. (2024). The Reach and Impact of a Positive Youth Development Program (Project P.A.T.H.S.) in China and Beyond: Review and Reflection. Appl. Res. Qual. Life, ASAP Article.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-024-10364-3"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panzeri, A., Bertamini, M., Butter, S., Levita, L., Gibson-Miller, J., Vidotto, G., Bentall, R.P., and Bennett, K.M. (2021). Factors Impacting Resilience as a Result of Exposure to COVID-19: The Ecological Resilience Model. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256041"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10834-022-09848-x","article-title":"The Social and Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Family Functioning and Well-Being: Where Do We Go from Here?","volume":"43","author":"Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fam. Econ. Issues"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaa092","article-title":"Child and Family Outcomes Following Pandemics: A Systematic Review and Recommendations on COVID-19 Policies","volume":"45","author":"Fong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X21994153","article-title":"Impact of the 2020 Pandemic of COVID-19 on Families with School-Aged Children in the United States: Roles of Income Level and Race","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fam. Issues"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daly, M. (2022). COVID-19, Social Policy and Care: A Complex Set of Processes and Outcomes. Front. Sociol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2021.808239"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12649","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parent, Child, and Family Functioning","volume":"61","author":"Feinberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fam. Process"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Havnen, A., Anyan, F., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Riksfjord, M.G., and Hagen, K. (2020). Resilience Moderates Negative Outcome from Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated-Mediation Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186461"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/02724316211036744","article-title":"COVID-19 Life Events Spill-Over on Family Functioning and Adolescent Adjustment","volume":"42","author":"Hussong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Early Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2021.151476","article-title":"Resilience as a Mediator Between Compassion Fatigue, Nurses\u2019 Work Outcomes, and Quality of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"61","author":"Labrague","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morelli, M., Cattelino, E., Baiocco, R., Trumello, C., Babore, A., Candelori, C., and Chirumbolo, A. (2020). Parents and Children During the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Influence of Parenting Distress and Parenting Self-Efficacy on Children\u2019s Emotional Well-Being. Front. Psychol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.584645"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000660","article-title":"Risk and Resilience in Family Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"75","author":"Prime","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2003.00001.x","article-title":"Family Resilience: A Framework for Clinical Practice","volume":"42","author":"Walsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fam. Process"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuo, R., Yu, Y., and Shi, X. (2022). Family Resilience and Adolescent Mental Health During COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084801"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.144","article-title":"Resilience and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from Minnesota and Hong Kong","volume":"295","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho, Y.-C.L., Chew, M.S.-L., Mahirah, D., and Thumboo, J. (2022). Family Resilience and Psychological Responses to COVID-19: A Study of Concordance and Dyadic Effects in Singapore Households. Front. Psychol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.770927"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2020.105946","article-title":"A Dataset for Emotional Reactions and Family Resilience During COVID-19 Isolation Period Among Indonesian Families","volume":"31","author":"Ramadhana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"10664807221131006","article-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Well-Being: A Literature Review","volume":"31","author":"Gayatri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fam. J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-023-10147-2","article-title":"Social Policies and Theories on Quality of Life Under COVID-19: In Search of the Missing Links","volume":"18","author":"Shek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Res. Qual. Life"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2006.00621.x","article-title":"Defining Interdisciplinary Research: Conclusions from a Critical Review of the Literature","volume":"42","author":"Aboelela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/02698595.2011.623366","article-title":"Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, Transdisciplinarity, and the Sciences","volume":"25","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Stud. Philos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"351","article-title":"Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity in Health Research, Services, Education and Policy: 1. Definitions, Objectives, and Evidence of Effectiveness","volume":"29","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E224","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v30i6.2950","article-title":"Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, and Transdisciplinarity in Health Research, Services, Education and Policy: 2. Promotors, Barriers, and Strategies of Enhancement","volume":"30","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Med."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E41","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v31i1.3140","article-title":"Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, and Transdisciplinarity in Health Research, Services, Education and Policy: 3. Discipline, Inter-discipline Distance, and Selection of Discipline","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Investig. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-006-9060-5","article-title":"Toward a Science of Transdisciplinary Action Research","volume":"38","author":"Stokols","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Community Psychol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200310001625555","article-title":"Evaluating Transdisciplinary Science","volume":"5","author":"Stokols","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.05.003","article-title":"The Ecology of Team Science","volume":"35","author":"Stokols","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/10892680221114860","article-title":"Toward a (\u201cDissolved\u201d) Psychology of Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Relations: A Complexity-Informed Proposal","volume":"27","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Gen. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"19","article-title":"Multidisciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, Indisciplinarity, and Transdisciplinarity: Similarities and Differences","volume":"2","author":"Nicolescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"RCC Perspect."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-023-01426-8","article-title":"Global Mental Health: Where We Are and Where We Are Going","volume":"25","author":"Moitra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1017\/amj.2023.25","article-title":"Algorithms, Addiction, and Adolescent Mental Health: An Interdisciplinary Study to Inform State-Level Policy Action to Protect Youth from the Dangers of Social Media","volume":"49","author":"Costello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Law Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lygre, R.B., Gjestad, R., Norekv\u00e5l, T.M., Mercer, S.W., and Elgen, I.B. (2023). An Interdisciplinary Intervention for Children and Adolescents with Multiple Referrals and Complex Health Complaints: A Feasibility Study. BMC Health Serv. Res., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10250-y"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100024","article-title":"A Transdisciplinary Public Health Model for Child and Adolescent Mental Healthcare in Low- and Middle-Income Countries","volume":"3","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Southeast Asia"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, K. (2024). Cultural Attunements and Ecological Wellbeing: Embodied Conditions for Mental Health Interventions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21030287"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-022-00005-8","article-title":"A Meta-Review of Psychological Resilience During COVID-19","volume":"1","author":"Seaborn","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Ment. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alnaser, M.Z., Alhamad, H., Alotaibi, N., Alhamdan, N., and Manee, F. (2025). Beyond Borders: Investigating the Impact of the 2023 Conflict in Gaza on Generalized Anxiety Disorders and Associated Somatic Symptoms and Wellbeing Among the Kuwait Population: A Global Call for Public Intervention Programs. Front. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1407906"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e198","DOI":"10.7861\/fhj.2021-0082","article-title":"A Research and Policy Agenda for the Post-Pandemic World","volume":"8","author":"Yiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Healthc. J."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shek, D.T.L., Zhu, X., and Dou, D. (2019). Influence of Family Processes on Internet Addiction Among Late Adolescents in Hong Kong. Front. Psychiatry, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00113"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101661","article-title":"Global Priorities for Improving Access to Mental Health Services for Adolescents in the Post-Pandemic World","volume":"53","author":"Shidhaye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ugj.2024.01.005","article-title":"Mental Healthcare Systems Research During COVID-19: Lessons for Shifting the Paradigm Post COVID-19","volume":"4","author":"Chandra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Urban Gov."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armaou, M., Pears, M., Konstantinidis, S.T., and Blake, H. (2024). Evolution of Primary Research Studies in Digital Interventions for Mental Well-Being Promotion from 2004 to 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on the Web of Science. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21030375"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figueiredo, E., Marga\u00e7a, C., Hern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1nchez, B., and S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda, J.C. (2024). Teleworking Effects on Mental Health\u2014A Systematic Review and a Research Agenda. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21030243"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stepanova, E., Thompson, A., Yu, G., and Fu, Y. (2024). Changes in Mental Health Services in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in High-Income Countries: A Rapid Review. BMC Psychiatry, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05497-6"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Husain, M.O., Gratzer, D., Husain, M.I., and Naeem, F. (2021). Mental Illness in the Post-Pandemic World: Digital Psychiatry and the Future. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.567426"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palinkas, L.A., De Leon, J., Salinas, E., Chu, S., Hunter, K., Marshall, T.M., Tadehara, E., Strnad, C.M., Purtle, J., and Horwitz, S.M. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Child and Adolescent Mental Health Policy and Practice Implementation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189622"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-022-00871-w","article-title":"Defining Research Priorities for Youth Public Mental Health: Reflections on a Coproduction Approach to Transdisciplinary Working","volume":"20","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Res. Policy Syst."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redhead, C.A.B., Silverio, S.A., Payne, E., Greenfield, M., Barnett, S.M., Chiumento, A., Holder, B., Skirrow, H., Torres, O., and Power, C. (2025). A Consensus Statement on Child and Family Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Recommendations for Postpandemic Recovery and Re-Build. Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/frcha.2025.1520291"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2007.315","article-title":"Tackling Adolescent Substance Abuse in Hong Kong: Where We Should and Should Not Go","volume":"7","author":"Shek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_100","unstructured":"Shek, D.T.L. (2025). Editorial: The Quest for Positive Youth Development Programs in the Post-Pandemic Era. J. Adolesc. Health., in press."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/10\/1574\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T04:22:51Z","timestamp":1760674971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/22\/10\/1574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph22101574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph22101574","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]}}}