{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:27:28Z","timestamp":1784914048063,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\/National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","award":["D.G.T R01MD016241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D.G.T R01MD016241"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["P2C HD041020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2C HD041020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adverse exposure to noise pollution is increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern. Strong evidence links noise exposure with negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, mental disorders, stress, and sleep disturbance. The presence of noise in parks, which are environmental settings associated with health promotion, recreation, and restoration, presents a paradox that warrants further exploration. The United States offers a distinct context for exploring this paradox, given its vast public park system and a wide array of anthropogenic and environmental noise sources. Our scoping review synthesized findings from fifteen research studies that investigated noise exposure and noise levels in United States public parks. The review examined how studies measured noise, the integration of subjective perceptions with objective assessments, and the role of park characteristics in shaping park visitor noise experiences. Results highlighted varying methodological approaches, with some studies employing sound level meters or modeling techniques, while others also incorporated surveys to capture visitor perceptions. Despite this variety, evidence on the direct health impacts of park noise exposure remains limited, and longitudinal studies are largely absent. Notably, few studies evaluated how noise interacts with other environmental exposures, such as air pollution or greenness, to influence visitor perception and wellness. By synthesizing the current evidence base, this review suggests knowledge gaps and few methodological inconsistencies that limit the field. Findings call for future research mobilizing standardized, multimodal noise assessment methods, and considerations for health outcome measures. Such advancements are important for informing public health interventions and guiding urban planning strategies to improve the acoustic quality and restorative potential of US parks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22121882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:15:21Z","timestamp":1766049321000},"page":"1882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Noise Exposure in United States Urban Public Parks: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ugoji","family":"Nwanaji-Enwerem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA"},{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"},{"name":"Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1709-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Mwenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Spatial Structures in the Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Data Science Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shira","family":"Dunsiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"},{"name":"Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Grigsby-Toussaint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA"},{"name":"Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Spatial Structures in the Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Data Science Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"},{"name":"Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Agosto, M.d.A. 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