{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:31:02Z","timestamp":1791250262175,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CE24-001 5R49CE003555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE24-001 5R49CE003555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CE-19-001 5R49CE003094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE-19-001 5R49CE003094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004864","name":"Governor\u2019s Traffic Safety Committee","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004864","name":"New York State Governor\u2019s Traffic Safety Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HS1-2024-HRI\/NYS DOH-00194-(088)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HS1-2024-HRI\/NYS DOH-00194-(088)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004864","name":"New York State Governor\u2019s Traffic Safety Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HS1-2024-HRI\/NYS DOH-00192-(088)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HS1-2024-HRI\/NYS DOH-00192-(088)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004856","name":"New York State Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NU17CE010055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU17CE010055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: New York State, like many other states, experienced a significant increase in road traffic deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic that is not fully understood. Our earlier work using the Safe System framework suggests a shift in the distribution of vehicle types that may have contributed to this phenomenon. Methods: To further investigate this, variables from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) were mapped onto the Safe System framework and used to examine factors associated with motorized two- and three-wheeled vehicle deaths. Two time periods were examined: pre-pandemic (1 April 2017\u201331 December 2019, n = 428) and the COVID-19 pandemic era (1 April 2020\u201331 December 2022, n = 600). A buffer pandemic transition period (1 January 2020\u201331 March 2020) was excluded. Percent difference, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression (OR, 95% CI) were used. Results: Compared to pre-COVID-19, pandemic-period motorized two-wheeled deaths were 40.2% higher, helmet wearing lower (80.2% vs. 90.6%, p &lt; 0.0001), urban roadway deaths higher (76.7% vs. 64.0%, p &lt; 0.0001), and fully licensed drivers lower (78.4% vs. 89.9%, p &lt; 0.0001), with unlicensed drivers doubling between the two periods (8.7% to 17.6%, p &lt; 0.0001). Deaths associated with mopeds\/motor scooters\/minibikes increased 361.5% between study periods, from 3% to 10% of motorized two-wheeled deaths. Adjusted multivariable risk factors for pandemic-period death were age 30\u201339 years (1.601, 1.155\u20132.311), being unhelmeted (3.191, 2.109\u20134.968), being in an urban area (1.898, 1.425\u20132.533), being unlicensed (1.968, 1.228\u201333.216) and riding an off-road motorcycle (3.753. 1.391\u201313.063), moped or motor scooter\/minibike (3.540, 1.971\u20136.842). Conclusions: Total mortality was higher in the COVID-19\u2013era timeframe, with the increase differing significantly by vehicle type, helmet use, licensure status, and urbanization. Due to the increase in motorized two-wheeled vehicles, they should be incorporated into surveillance systems and injury prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22121883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T10:06:56Z","timestamp":1766052416000},"page":"1883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicles Contribute Disproportionately to the Increase in Pandemic-Period Road Traffic Fatalities in New York State"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9039-9120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyce C.","family":"Pressley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Epidemiology and Health Policy and Management, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarah","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0302-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah","family":"Hines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Occupational Health and Injury Prevention, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2179-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jancarlos","family":"Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Occupational Health and Injury Prevention, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Pawlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Occupational Health and Injury Prevention, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-3565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Occupational Health and Injury Prevention, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2025, December 10). 2020 Fatality Data Show Increased Traffic Fatalities During Pandemic, Available online: https:\/\/www.nhtsa.gov\/press-releases\/2020-fatality-data-show-increased-traffic-fatalities-during-pandemic."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Office of Behavioral Safety Research (2021). 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