{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T05:15:07Z","timestamp":1766294107400,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["165879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["165879"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["421349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["421349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["488313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["488313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002791","name":"Canadian Optometric Education Trust Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the 1960s, Grassy Narrows First Nation, Canada, has been exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) from fish consumption following Hg discharge from a chloralkali plant. Prenatal exposure to MeHg is known to affect the neurodevelopment of fetuses and the retina is sensitive to neurodevelopmental damage. The multidisciplinary, cross-sectional Niibin study, developed with Grassy Narrows First Nations, included visual examinations with retinal evaluation using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The present analyses focused on the 59 participants (116 eyes) with umbilical cord Hg measurements, sampled between 1971 and 1992. Associations between cord blood Hg and retinal thickness layers surrounding the optic nerve head (RNFL) and inner macula (GC-IPL) were examined using mixed-effect models. Higher cord blood Hg was significantly associated with reduced thickness of GC-IPL layers across all macular sectors; less pronounced associations were observed for RNFL. A qualitative clinical assessment of the OCT results showed that persons with cord blood Hg concentrations \u2265 5.8 \u00b5g\/L were more likely to present bilateral abnormal retinal thinning (OR = 3.51; [95% CI: 1.06\u201311.53]). These findings suggest that, in this Indigenous community, prenatal MeHg exposure may have enduring effects on retinal thickness and underline the importance of OCT technology in providing tailored eye care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T08:26:36Z","timestamp":1766132796000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Through the Eye: Retinal Changes of Prenatal Mercury Exposure in Grassy Narrows First Nation, Canada"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Small","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 3744 Jean-Brillant, Montreal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Philibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur le Bien-\u00catre, la Sant\u00e9, la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et L\u2019environnement (CINBIOSE), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 3P8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Chatillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 3744 Jean-Brillant, Montreal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grassy Narrows First Nation, Grassy Narrows, ON P0X 1B0, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Fillion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur le Bien-\u00catre, la Sant\u00e9, la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et L\u2019environnement (CINBIOSE), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 3P8, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement Science et Technologie, Universit\u00e9 T\u00c9LUQ, 5800, Rue Saint-Denis, Bureau 1105, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2S 3L5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5205-5180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna","family":"Mergler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur le Bien-\u00catre, la Sant\u00e9, la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et L\u2019environnement (CINBIOSE), Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 3P8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0395-5027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benoit","family":"Tousignant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 3744 Jean-Brillant, Montreal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2307\/1184289","article-title":"Grassy Narrows Reserve: Mercury Pollution, Social Disruption, and Natural Resources: A Question of Autonomy","volume":"11","author":"Vecsey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. 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