{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:48:23Z","timestamp":1785383303119,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Partnership Grant","award":["895-2019-1009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["895-2019-1009"]}]},{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Health Research Institute"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000190","name":"University of Alberta","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010090","name":"WCHRI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RES0068596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RES0068596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Refugee-serving primary health centres\/clinics (PHCs) provide culturally safe, integrated care for refugee children, yet little is known about how their health conditions and outcomes are assessed. This scoping review examines the current literature on the health conditions and outcomes of refugee children aged 0\u20135 years and how they are measured in refugee-serving PHCs in Canada. In partnership with the New Canadians Health Centre and guided by Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidelines, we systematically searched Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase. Included studies focused on refugee children in Canada and reported health conditions, outcomes, and their measurements within PHCs. Twenty-five studies (2008\u20132024) met the inclusion criteria, most from Ontario (n = 11), followed by Alberta and Saskatchewan (n = 4 each). Reported health conditions or outcomes (n = 24) spanned the physical (n = 19), developmental, and mental health domains (n = 5). Communicable (e.g., gastrointestinal infections, hepatitis) and non-communicable conditions (e.g., malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency) were mostly reported. Although some standardized approaches were used, substantial variability exists across provinces and conditions or outcomes measured. Findings reveal a disproportionate focus on physical health and notable variability and gaps in child health measures, limited cultural adaptation, and lack of longitudinal data. Standardized, culturally responsive, and age-appropriate measurement approaches are needed to enhance health equity and inform evidence-based policy for refugee children in Canada.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23010092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T10:35:52Z","timestamp":1767954952000},"page":"92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Scoping Review of Refugee Children\u2019s Health Conditions, Outcomes, and Measures Used in Refugee-Serving Public Health Centres\/Clinics in Canada"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0279-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustine","family":"Botwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2310-5098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nour","family":"Armoush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7217-7599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl","family":"Poth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7144-9388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Yohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7472-9545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Gokiert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNHCR (2025, April 09). 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