{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T21:48:08Z","timestamp":1767995288525,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DA007250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DA007250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA050798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA050798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24DA046569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24DA046569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA034538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA034538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA056265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA056265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rates of alcohol use and exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are elevated among youth in the legal system (YILS) compared to their non-legally involved peers. Exposure to ACEs has been associated with later alcohol use and delinquency, and YILS often engage in delinquent behavior while under the influence of alcohol. The associations between ACEs, alcohol use, and delinquency among YILS are complex and multidirectional; research has yet to explore how these experiences and behaviors influence each other over time, or whether they differ based upon the reason for legal system involvement (status or delinquent petition). This study examined whether YILS\u2019 ACEs were prospectively associated with self-reported delinquent behaviors, and whether self-reported recent alcohol use was an explanatory mechanism for this association. Multigroup mediation analyses were utilized to examine if these pathways differed based on youth\u2019s court petition type. Results indicated that YILS report high rates of ACEs. Frequency of recent alcohol use mediated the associations between ACEs and subsequent delinquency for youth with a delinquent, but not status, petition. Concurrent assessment of trauma exposure and alcohol use when youth first enter the legal system is imperative to inform early intervention needs to reduce the likelihood of continued system involvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23010095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T16:03:16Z","timestamp":1767974596000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Mediating Role of Alcohol Use Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Delinquency Among Youth in the Legal System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1261-9201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akemi E.","family":"Mii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna B.","family":"Folk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0134-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon D. L.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2800-0956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Garcia-Meza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2551-609X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Tolou-Shams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Psychiatric and Substance-Related Problems Predict Recidivism for First-Time Justice-Involved Youth","volume":"51","author":"Folk","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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