{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T02:14:37Z","timestamp":1775700877257,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Udine research funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aging induces sarcopenia and reduces bone mineral density, altering body composition. These modifications contribute to physical decline, increase non-communicable disease risk and increase the likelihood of hospitalization, thereby representing a substantial public health burden. In this study, we assessed the effects of isometric training with neuromuscular electrical stimulation conditioning contractions (ISO-NMES) and dynamic resistance training (DRT) on physical and functional capacities. Moreover, we investigated the impact of ISO-NMES training on the force and power of the trained and untrained leg. Eighteen sessions of ISO-NMES training for knee extensors were performed by 10 older adults (age: 70.1 \u00b1 4.9 years; ISO-NMES group). The DRT group (n = 12; age: 70.5 \u00b1 2.8 years) performed 18 sessions of dynamic resistance training at a local fitness center. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and peak power (P) of lower limbs as well as functional capacities assessed with the 5 Sit to Stand, Timed Up and Go and 6 Minutes Walking Tests were examined in both groups before and after the related training protocols. At the end of the training period, only the ISO-NMES group had improved MVC (+30.4%, p &lt; 0.001) and bilateral force (ISO-NMES: +6.3%, p = 0.032). Moreover, both groups had significantly improved functional capacities. Finally, in the ISO-NMES group, MVC, force and power significantly increased in both legs with a greater effect for MVC in the trained than untrained leg (+30.4 vs. +13.5%, p &lt; 0.001). These findings suggest that ISO-NMES training was an effective strategy to improve physical and functional capacities in older adults. Thus, it could be considered as a potential intervention, particularly when the mobility to perform physical training is limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23010107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:27:12Z","timestamp":1768296432000},"page":"107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neuromuscular and Functional Adaptations Promoted by Lower Limb Isometric Training with NMES Conditioning Contractions in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9340-3434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Stafuzza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Gonnelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9179-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"D\u2019Alleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0445-9578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria De","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2122-3794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Zaccaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirco","family":"Floreani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Floreancig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3100-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Padovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Ursella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Brugnola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9368-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Rejc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0067-2221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Lazzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, 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