{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T19:25:12Z","timestamp":1769541912425,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision impairment and a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the barriers affecting diabetic retinopathy screening among people with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and October 2024 at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics. Data collection was performed using a structured, validated electronic questionnaire adapted from previous studies. Sample size calculation was carried out before data collection. Data were collected using a structured electronic questionnaire. A total of 998 responses were included in the study. The collected data incorporated sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes history, screening practices, and reported barriers. Descriptive and categorical data analyses were performed. Results: Of 998 participants, 82% were over 50 years old, 79% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 30% had never had an eye examination. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed in 12%. The main barriers to regular attendance among those previously screened (699) were as follows: lack of awareness of its importance (11%), believing that being asymptomatic made screening unnecessary (19%), and transportation difficulties (14%). Among those never screened (299), 56% lacked awareness, 62% believed being asymptomatic negates the need for screening, and 13% faced transportation difficulties. Age &gt; 50 years, higher educational level, availability of health insurance, longer duration of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and HbA1c &gt; 7% were significantly associated with prior screening (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Public health strategies should enhance the education provided to people and physician\u2013person communication and remove logistical obstacles to improve screening compliance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23020147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T08:14:23Z","timestamp":1769415263000},"page":"147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Barriers to Regular Eye Examination in Individuals with Diabetes at a Tertiary Diabetes Centre in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6786-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yazan J.","family":"Albakri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8560-9901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatema A.","family":"Aldabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hashem M.","family":"Sabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3631-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad K.","family":"Khashman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5174-3814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oraib","family":"Farahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5386-8865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6859-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almutez M.","family":"Gharaibeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan"},{"name":"National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman 11942, Jordan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.10.007","article-title":"Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030","volume":"87","author":"Shaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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