{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:58:55Z","timestamp":1791845935135,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Recovery and Resilience Program (PRR), IAPMEI\/ANI\/FCT","award":["C645022399-00000057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C645022399-00000057"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology under the Multiannual Funding of R&D Unit","award":["UIDP\/50012\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50012\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dating violence (DV) is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon among emerging adults (aged 18\u201325 years), and the relationship between awareness and behavior remains poorly understood. This study explores emerging adults\u2019 attitudes and beliefs toward DV and summarizes recommendations for designing prevention programs. A qualitative study using three focus groups (n = 16 emerging adults aged 18\u201325; 56% female) was conducted. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged: (1) gender roles, (2) healthy intimate relationships, and (3) dating violence. Participants demonstrated high awareness of DV types, severity, and prevalence. However, they also exhibited an attitude\u2013behavior inconsistency, reflected in the normalization and excusing of violence, and difficulty recognizing violent situations in their own relationships. Myths of romantic love and cognitive dissonance between general knowledge and personal experience create barriers to recognizing abuse\u2014particularly psychological abuse, which is often confused with concern. Participants suggested integrating prevention strategies into schools and communities, with interventions tailored to their interests and realities (e.g., mobile applications, games and social media awareness campaigns). This study reveals that awareness and knowledge alone are insufficient for prevention. Efforts should shift from a knowledge-focused to a behavior-change approach, promoting emotional regulation, interpersonal skills, and addressing social and gender norms. Relevant implications for practice and preventive intervention design are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23030294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T10:41:02Z","timestamp":1772188862000},"page":"294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Meeting Prevention Beyond Awareness: A Qualitative Study Exploring Attitudes and Beliefs Towards Dating Violence and Prevention Among Emerging Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3962-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Saial","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSyS), Interactive Technologies Institute (ITI), 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8951-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alda","family":"Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, 3000-995 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, 1649-013 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0927-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9lvio Rubio","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSyS), Interactive Technologies Institute (ITI), 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WowSystems Inform\u00e1tica Lda., 9050-446 Funchal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9011-2230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Relvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, 3000-995 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2026, January 02). About Intimate Partner Violence, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/intimate-partner-violence\/about\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(24)00145-7","article-title":"Intimate Partner Violence against Adolescent Girls: Regional and National Prevalence Estimates and Associated Country-Level Factors","volume":"8","author":"Sardinha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00008-6","article-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health: Advancing Mental Health Services, Research, and Policy","volume":"9","author":"Oram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, January 02). Violence Against Women. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/violence-against-women."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","article-title":"Emerging Adulthood: A Theory of Development from the Late Teens through the Twenties","volume":"55","author":"Arnett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portugal, A., Caridade, S., Santos, A.S., Sp\u00ednola, J., and Sani, A. (2023). Dating Conflict-Resolution Tactics and Exposure to Family Violence: University Students\u2019 Experiences. Soc. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci12040209"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ardito, C., Diniz Junqueira Barbosa, S., Conte, T., Freire, A., Gasparini, I., Palanque, P., and Prates, R. (2025). Between Kisses and Bytes: Cyber Dating Abuse and Internet Use in Emerging Adulthood. Proceedings of the Human-Computer Interaction\u2014INTERACT 2025, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04999-5"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"4267","article-title":"Profiles and Risk Factors for Teen Dating Violence in Spain","volume":"38","author":"Lombas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matud, M.P., Hern\u00e1ndez-Lorenzo, D.E., Fortes, D., and Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, I. (2023). Dating Violence and Mental Health in Emerging Adulthood. Healthcare, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11243172"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvillo, C., Marshall, A., Gafford, S., and Montgomery, B.E.E. (2024). Intimate Partner Violence and Its Relation to Sexual Health Outcomes across Different Adult Populations: A Systematic Review. Front. Sociol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2024.1498969"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2025.101100","article-title":"Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes of Women: An Australian Population Cohort Study","volume":"44","author":"East","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sex. Reprod. Healthc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838017730648","article-title":"Who Are the Victims and Who Are the Perpetrators in Dating Violence? Sharing the Role of Victim and Perpetrator","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241301781","article-title":"Theoretical Analysis of the Cycle of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review","volume":"26","author":"McCloud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118423","article-title":"Teen Dating Violence Victimization and Mental Health in Adulthood: The Mediating Roles of Violence Experiences and Lifestyle Factors","volume":"383","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-024-00685-0","article-title":"\u2018It\u2019s so Beneficial to Be Able to Stop the Cycle\u2019: Perceptions of Intergenerational Transmission of Violence and Parenting Practices Among Pregnant Women and Their Abusive Partners","volume":"40","author":"Taccini","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Fam. Violence"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12765","article-title":"The Intergenerational Transmission of Relationship Instability: A Focus on Emerging Adult on-off Relationships","volume":"62","author":"Charvat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fam. Process"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.23923\/pap.psicol2017.2831","article-title":"Prevalencia de la Violencia en el Noviazgo: Una Revisi\u00f3n Sistem\u00e1tica","volume":"37","author":"Carrasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Papeles Del Psic\u00f3logo"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"e00149923","article-title":"Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization among High Schoolers from Public and Private Schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"40","author":"Faus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cad. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7505","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519836783","article-title":"Intimate Partner Violence and Psychological Maladjustment: Examining the Role of Institutional Betrayal Among Survivors","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380231210939","article-title":"Sociological Theories to Explain Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis","volume":"25","author":"Meyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnett, J.J. (2006). Emerging Adulthood: Understanding the New Way of Coming of Age. Emerging Adults in America: Coming of Age in the 21st Century, American Psychological Association.","DOI":"10.1037\/11381-000"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"223","article-title":"Romantic Experiences in Emerging Adults: How They Relate to the Importance of Romantic Relationships and the Quality of Relationships with Parents","volume":"33","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dru\u0161tvena Istra\u017eivanja \u010dasopis Za Op\u0107a Dru\u0161tvena Pitanja"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-073018-022625","article-title":"Sexual and Romantic Relationships in Young Adulthood","volume":"45","author":"Tillman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-8606.2007.00016.x","article-title":"Emerging Adulthood: What Is It, and What Is It Good For?","volume":"1","author":"Arnett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Dev. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2014.07.004","article-title":"Family Support in the Transition to Adulthood in Portugal\u2014Its Effects on Identity Capital Development, Uncertainty Management and Psychological Well-Being","volume":"37","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2026, January 29). Idade m\u00e9dia ao primeiro casamento por sexo. Available online: https:\/\/www.pordata.pt\/pt\/estatisticas\/populacao\/casamentos-e-divorcios\/idade-media-ao-primeiro-casamento-por-sexo."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2026, January 29). Idade m\u00e9dia das mulheres ao nascimento de um filho e do 1.o filho. Available online: https:\/\/www.pordata.pt\/pt\/estatisticas\/populacao\/nascimentos-e-fecundidade\/idade-media-das-mulheres-ao-nascimento-de-um-filho."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos, V. (2018). Transitions to Adulthood and Generational Change in Portugal. Societies, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/soc8020021"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.14417\/ap.568","article-title":"O Prolongamento Da Transi\u00e7\u00e3o Para a Idade Adulta e o Conceito de Adultez Emergente: Especificidades Do Contexto Portugu\u00eas e Brasileiro","volume":"30","author":"Saraiva","year":"2012","journal-title":"An\u00e1lise Psicol\u00f3gica"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Breiding, M., Basile, K.C., Smith, S.G., Black, M.C., and Mahendra, R.R. (2015). Intimate Partner Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements, version 2.0, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2015.59","article-title":"Justification Beliefs of Violence, Myths about Love and Cyber Dating Abuse","volume":"27","author":"Borrajo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.15.3.337","article-title":"Anger, Irrational Beliefs and Dysfunctional Attitudes in Violent Dating Relationships","volume":"15","author":"Dye","year":"2000","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.08.014","article-title":"Relationship Context and Intimate Partner Violence from Adolescence to Young Adulthood","volume":"57","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000151","article-title":"Using the Media Practice Model to Examine Dating Violence in Emerging Adults","volume":"7","author":"McAuslan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Pop. Media Cult."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.14417\/ap.541","article-title":"Viol\u00eancia na intimidade juvenil: Da vitima\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 perpetra\u00e7\u00e3o","volume":"24","author":"Caridade","year":"2006","journal-title":"An\u00e1lise Psicol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"NP2975","article-title":"Exploration of Dating Violence and Related Attitudes Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults","volume":"36","author":"Courtain","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018782207","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Dating Violence Risk Factors Among Undergraduate College Students","volume":"21","author":"Duval","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2017.01.007","article-title":"Dating and Intimate Partner Violence among Young Persons Ages 15\u201330: Evidence from a Systematic Review","volume":"33","author":"Jennings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516640544","article-title":"The Roles of Family Factors and Relationship Dynamics on Dating Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among College Men and Women in Emerging Adulthood","volume":"34","author":"Paat","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-024-02082-8","article-title":"Cyber Dating Violence Among Youth and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"54","author":"Metin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richardson, K., Tortoriello, G.K., and Hart, W. (2020). Attitudes. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24612-3_1777"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlitz, A., and Rios, K. (2020). Beliefs. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24612-3_1785"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"CIG (2026, January 29). Estudo Nacional de Viol\u00eancia no Namoro revela um aumento da legitima\u00e7\u00e3o de comportamentos violentos, Available online: https:\/\/www.cig.gov.pt\/2026\/02\/jovens-continuam-a-desenvolver-relacoes-afetivas-com-base-em-comportamentos-abusivos\/."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2023.2186302","article-title":"\u2018How Can I Love You If You Don\u2019t Let Me Do This?\u2019 Evaluating the Effects of the Red Pill Seduction Community Experienced by Intimate Partners","volume":"33","author":"Zapcic","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Aggress. Maltreat. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mabunda, A., Mokgatle, M.M., and Madiba, S. (2025). Being Trapped in an Abusive Relationship: A Phenomenological Study of Women\u2019s Experiences of Violence in Intimate Relationships. Soc. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci14040250"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Kruegar, R., and Casey, M.A. (2000). Focus Groups: A Practial Guide for Applied Research, Sage. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Hill, M., and Hill, A. (2008). Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o por Question\u00e1rio, Edi\u00e7\u00f5es S\u00edlabo. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Medical Association (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA, 310, 2191\u20132194.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806","article-title":"Reflecting on Reflexive Thematic Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Sport Exerc. Health"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20251188","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2025-1188","article-title":"Gender Beliefs and Legitimization of Dating Violence in Adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Ferreira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.10.019","article-title":"An Ecological Analysis of Gender Inequality and Intimate Partner Violence in the United States","volume":"118","author":"Willie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11577-020-00711-1","article-title":"Homogamy in Gender Role Attitudes among Young Couples: Evidence from Germany","volume":"72","author":"Hudde","year":"2020","journal-title":"K\u00f6lner Z. Soziol. Sozialpsychol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonkaya, Z.\u0130., and \u00d6cal, N.\u00dc. (2024). Young People\u2019s Attitudes toward Marriage, Gender Roles, and Related Factors. BMC Public Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20904-z"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1177\/07435584221079726","article-title":"But He Loves Me: Teens\u2019 Comments about Healthy and Unhealthy Romantic Relationships","volume":"38","author":"Brar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158244019871061","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244019871061","article-title":"Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"9","author":"Bucheli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sage Open"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graziano, F., Mastrokoukou, S., Cattelino, E., Roll\u00e8, L., and Calandri, E. (2024). Conflict and Intimacy in Emerging Adults\u2019 Romantic Relationships and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Identity and Couple Satisfaction. Behav. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14110977"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Our Love Language: A Systematic Review of the Association between Observed Couple Communication and Relationship Satisfaction","volume":"15","author":"Jubran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Couple Fam. Psychol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-71822014000300021","article-title":"Male Victims of Partner Violence: Methodological Analysis of Prevalence Studies","volume":"26","author":"Machado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psicol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"109","article-title":"Measuring Perceived Severity of Intimate Partner Violence against Women (IPVAW) among the General Population and IPVAW Offenders","volume":"31","author":"Gracia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychosoc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106449","article-title":"Sexist Attitudes, Romantic Myths, and Offline Dating Violence as Predictors of Cyber Dating Violence Perpetration in Adolescents","volume":"111","author":"Cava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gran\u00e9-Morcillo, J., Costa-Ramalho, S., P\u00e9rez-Testor, C., and Vall, B. (2025). Escala de Mitos Do Amor Rom\u00e2ntico (EMAR): Portuguese Version of the Scale of Myths of Romantic Love (SMRL). Soc. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci14030142"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-37722014000200002","article-title":"Do Namoro Ao Casamento: Significados, Expectativas, Conflito e Amor","volume":"30","author":"Fonseca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psicol. Teor. Pesqui."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Perel, E. (2024). (In)Fidelidade Repensar o amor e as rela\u00e7\u00f5es, Bertrand Editora. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6351","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518818427","article-title":"Legitimizing Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Romantic Love and the Mediating Effect of Patriarchal Ideologies","volume":"36","author":"Lelaurain","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"1","article-title":"School-Based Interventions to Reduce Dating and Sexual Violence: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Polanin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Campbell Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2024.101942","article-title":"School-Based Primary Prevention Interventions for Adolescent Relationship Abuse: An Umbrella Review","volume":"77","author":"Sheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/15228835.2017.1350616","article-title":"\u201cTechnology Doesn\u2019t Judge You\u201d: Young Australian Women\u2019s Views on Using the Internet and Smartphones to Address Intimate Partner Violence","volume":"35","author":"Tarzia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Technol. Hum. Serv."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3546","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.3546","article-title":"A Formative Evaluation of a Social Media Campaign to Reduce Adolescent Dating Violence","volume":"3","author":"Lambert","year":"2014","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seddig, D., Bartz, L., Bliesener, T., R\u00fchs, F., Schauten, D., and Thomsen, S. (2026). Evaluation of a Social Media Campaign for the Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence. J. Exp. Criminol., 1\u201327.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11292-025-09723-3"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cI Found It Cathartic\u201d: Exploring Empathy and Mental Health Awareness in Psychological Horror Video Games","volume":"8","author":"Pires","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saial, A.C., Gouveia, \u00c9.R., Portugal, A., Peres, B.J., Satar, M., and Relvas, A.P. (2025). When Play Gets Serious: Can a Game-Based Mobile Application Serve as an Intervention for Preventing Intimate Partner Violence among Emerging Adults?. Companion Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 13 October 2025, Association for Computing Machinery.","DOI":"10.1145\/3744736.3749356"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2017.0172","article-title":"Developing and Piloting Videogames to Increase College and University Students\u2019 Awareness and Efficacy of the Bystander Role in Incidents of Sexual Violence","volume":"8","author":"Potter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Games Health J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2021.0091","article-title":"TSIUNAS: A Videogame for Preventing Gender-Based Violence","volume":"11","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Games Health J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.12.028","article-title":"Prosocial Video Game as an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Tool among Youth: A Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"93","author":"Boduszek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psicod.2018.07.002","article-title":"Eficacia de Una App Psicoeducativa Para Reducir El Sexismo En Adolescentes","volume":"24","author":"Carbonell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Psicodid\u00e1ctica"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"83","article-title":"Impact of a Student-Designed Videogame on Students\u2019 Perceptions of Sexual Genre-Based Violence Risks","volume":"17","author":"Perdomo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Instr."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e301","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30079-9","article-title":"An Online Healthy Relationship Tool and Safety Decision Aid for Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence (I-DECIDE): A Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"4","author":"Hegarty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4114","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221111421","article-title":"Rethinking Dating and SEXUAL Violence Prevention for Youth During the Pandemic: Examining Program Feasibility and Acceptability","volume":"38","author":"Segura","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s11292-023-09579-5","article-title":"Effects of Campus Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Programs on Psychological and Physical Violence Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Kettrey","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Exp. Criminol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldwin-White, A., and Shawkat, R. (2025). Game Changing: Incorporating Technology into Social Work Research for Social Change. Educ. Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci15060729"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barroso-Corroto, E., Laredo-Aguilera, J.A., Molina-Gallego, B., Castillo-Hermoso, M., Ca\u00f1amero, S.R., and Carmona-Torres, J.M. (2025). On-Line Program for the Prevention of Dating Violence: Mixed Descriptive Cross-Sectional and Post-Test Pre-Test Study. BMC Public Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24265-z"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738241305785","article-title":"Mobile Applications Designed for Sexual or Dating Violence Prevention Targeting Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Scoping Review","volume":"34","author":"Fraley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Nurs. Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/23\/3\/294\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T10:44:21Z","timestamp":1772189061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/23\/3\/294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph23030294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph23030294","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}}}