{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:00:21Z","timestamp":1774274421277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University","award":["0125\u0420\u041a\u04180280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0125\u0420\u041a\u04180280"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ongoing health system reforms in Kazakhstan have transformed the working environment of primary health care (PHC) staff and may increase workload and psychosocial stress. This study aimed to assess perceived stress among PHC workers in Almaty and its associations with socio-demographic characteristics and health-related behaviors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in October\u2013November 2023 across all 36 state-funded PHC facilities in Almaty. General practitioners (GPs) and family nurses employed in these facilities were invited to participate. In total, 1484 respondents completed a standardized questionnaire in Kazakh or Russian administered electronically via Google Forms. Perceived stress was assessed using PSS-10, physical activity using IPAQ-SF, alcohol consumption using AUDIT-C, and tobacco use through items aligned with STEPS\/GATS. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS. Associations between variables were evaluated using \u03c72 and Fisher\u2019s exact tests, and multivariable logistic regression models were applied. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Higher stress levels were more common among GPs than nurses (OR = 2.58; p &lt; 0.0001) and less common in younger workers (18\u201329 vs. 50\u201359: OR = 0.504; p = 0.017) and alcohol abstainers (OR = 0.587; p = 0.0004). Kazakh ethnicity showed a borderline protective association (OR = 0.472; p = 0.057), while physical activity was not a significant predictor. Perceived stress is highly prevalent in Almaty PHC and disproportionately affects GPs; younger age and alcohol abstinence are protective. The findings support prioritizing organizational measures to reduce role-related burden and maladaptive coping behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23030403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:07:06Z","timestamp":1774271226000},"page":"403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stress Levels Among Primary Health Care Workers in Almaty, Kazakhstan: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ainur B.","family":"Qumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kh. Dosmukhamedov School of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assylkhan","family":"Kuttybayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kh. Dosmukhamedov School of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mukhtar","family":"Kulimbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Management Department, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anuarbek","family":"Ashikbayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akmaral","family":"Abikulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kh. Dosmukhamedov School of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6100-4963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimash","family":"Davletov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atchabarov Scientific-Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, 050000 Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023). World Health Statistics 2023: Monitoring Health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals, WHO."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023). 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