{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:28:09Z","timestamp":1785414489159,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, Finland"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/050p9zb50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alko"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adolescent gambling is a growing public health concern as opportunities expand across both physical and digital environments. This study examined gender differences in on-site and online gambling among Finnish adolescents and assessed associations with school engagement, family context, peer activities, and co-occurring risk behaviors. Data were obtained from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD), collected from Finnish adolescents aged 15\u201316 in 2024 (boys: n = 1706; girls: n = 1588). Associations with past-12-month gambling were analyzed using Rao\u2013Scott\u2019s chi-square tests, F tests, and multinomial logistic regression, examining gender interactions. Gambling was more common among boys than girls: 7% of boys had gambled on-site only, 3% online only, and 11% both during the past 12 months. Among girls, the corresponding proportions were 0\u20132%. Skipping school, spending leisure time with friends, risky sexual behavior, and problematic substance use were associated with increased odds of both gambling types, whereas parental control was associated with decreased odds. Problematic social media increased the odds of on-site gambling, while problematic gaming decreased the odds. Several associations with online gambling differed by gender. These findings support multi-level prevention targeting family, school, peer, and behavioral risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23060753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T18:08:07Z","timestamp":1780510087000},"page":"753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender Differences in On-Site and Online Gambling Among Finnish Adolescents: Associations with School-, Family-, and Peer-Related Factors and Other Risk Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0492-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sari","family":"Castr\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care and Social Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0839-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"J\u00e4rvinen-Tassopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care and Social Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Centre for Research on Addiction, Control, and Governance, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7909-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsimarja","family":"Raitasalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care and Social Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/jcap.12129","article-title":"Awareness and knowledge of child and adolescent risky behaviors: A parent\u2019s perspective","volume":"29","author":"Ahern","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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