{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T08:02:29Z","timestamp":1780905749215,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper revisits the famous Card and Dahl study on emotional cues on intimate partner violence (IPV). This paper was one of the first to explore the effects of seemingly irrelevant outcomes\u2014in this case, local National Football League (NFL) game outcomes\u2014on incidents of IPV, finding that upset NFL losses are associated with a 10% increase in IPV. This paper briefly describes the current state of the \u201cemotional cue\u201d literature, specifically further extensions related to IPV, and then applies the Card\u2013Dahl model to an updated 25-year crime dataset. Results suggest a deviation from the previous literature. NFL upset losses seem to have a considerably reduced effect on IPV than initially found, but some restricted samples find relationships between unexpected game outcomes and IPV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23060768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T07:43:02Z","timestamp":1780904582000},"page":"768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u2018Family Violence and Football\u2019 at 15: Revisiting the Effect of Emotional Cues on Intimate Partner Violence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5017-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clay","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kudon, H.Z., Zhu, S., Chen, B., Breiding, M.J., Leemis, R.W., Zhang, X., Schwank, A., and Basile, K.C. 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