{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:54:13Z","timestamp":1785430453217,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico), Brazil","award":["315430\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315430\/2021-4"]}]},{"award":["315430\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315430\/2021-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are at increased cardiovascular risk. Although exercise is an important strategy for reducing cardiometabolic risk, accessible and scalable intervention delivery strategies, such as synchronous telehealth programs, remain underexplored. This randomized clinical trial (RED Study; NCT05362071) investigated the effects of a 12-week synchronous telehealth exercise program on clinical, functional, and psychosocial outcomes in adults with T2D. Thirty-three participants (55.8 \u00b1 10.1 years) were randomized to an intervention group (INT; n = 17), which performed supervised combined aerobic and resistance exercise via video calls (2\u20133 sessions\/week), or a control group (CON; n = 16). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included capillary blood glucose, blood pressure, functional performance, and psychosocial parameters. Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-intervention by blinded evaluators, and analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effects models in an intention-to-treat analysis. No significant interaction effect was observed for HbA1c (p &gt; 0.05). However, significant group \u00d7 time interactions favored the INT for functional performance outcomes, including the 30 s Chair Stand (p = 0.02), Arm Curl (p &lt; 0.001), Timed Up and Go (p = 0.01), and 2-Minute Step Test (p = 0.01), as well as sleep quality (p &lt; 0.001). Depressive symptoms decreased over time (p = 0.03) in both groups. Additionally, the INT showed reductions in post-session capillary blood glucose across mesocycles 1, 2, and 4 (p = 0.03). The synchronous telehealth exercise program was not superior to the control condition in reducing HbA1c; however, it improved functional performance, enhanced sleep quality, and promoted acute reductions in glycemic levels in individuals with T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23060773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:43:54Z","timestamp":1780965834000},"page":"773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of a Synchronous Telehealth Exercise Program on Clinical, Functional, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (RED Study): A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Samara Nickel","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno Veiga","family":"Guterres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6679-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maur\u00edcio Tatsch Ximenes","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1827-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Sudatti","family":"Delevatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5258-9406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristine Lima","family":"Alberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96055-630, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30010-9","article-title":"The changing face of diabetes complications","volume":"4","author":"Gregg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05150-2","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying altered neuromuscular function in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"123","author":"Caron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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