{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:53:56Z","timestamp":1785430436018,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.081866\/2024-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.081866\/2024-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["88887.081866\/2024-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.081866\/2024-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The food environment plays a significant role in determining children\u2019s nutritional status, especially in socially vulnerable settings, where the high availability of ultra-processed beverages can contribute to both overweight and nutritional deficiencies, such as anemia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between the availability of fruits, vegetables, and ultra-processed beverages in the food environment and the occurrence of overweight and anemia in children living in socially vulnerable areas. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with an ecological component, conducted between 2020 and 2021, involving 665 children residing in 40 favelas and urban communities in Macei\u00f3, Alagoas, Brazil. Socioeconomic, anthropometric, and hematological data were collected, along with a characterization of the food environment in 624 establishments using the AUDITNOVA tool, focusing on the availability of fruits, vegetables, and ultra-processed beverages. The outcomes investigated were overweight (BMI-for-age z-score &gt; +2) and anemia (hemoglobin &lt; 11 g\/dL). Multilevel models were used to assess the associations between the food environment and the outcomes of interest. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 19.7%, while anemia affected 50.4% of the children assessed. Greater availability of fruits and vegetables was associated with a lower chance of being overweight (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.79\u20130.98). In contrast, high availability of ultra-processed beverages was associated with a higher chance of being overweight (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.84) and anemia (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.04\u20132.29). Conclusion: Food environments characterized by widespread availability of ultra-processed beverages were associated with a higher prevalence of overweight and anemia among children. In comparison, greater availability of fresh or minimally processed foods was associated with a lower prevalence of overweight. These findings highlight the importance of public policies that promote healthier food environments in socially vulnerable areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23060801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T10:19:53Z","timestamp":1781691593000},"page":"801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Food Environment Characteristics and Overweight and Anemia in Socially Vulnerable Children Living in Favelas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1003-9836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro","family":"Silva-Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risia Cristina Egito","family":"de Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Faculdade de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Macei\u00f3 57072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa S\u00e1","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curso de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Centro Acad\u00eamico de Vit\u00f3ria, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vit\u00f3ria de Santo Ant\u00e3o 55608-680, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thays Lane Ferreira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Telma Maria","family":"de Menezes Toledo Flor\u00eancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Faculdade de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Macei\u00f3 57072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Downs, S.M., Ahmed, S., Fanzo, J., and Herforth, A. 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