{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:20:17Z","timestamp":1791390017422,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to empirically analyze the patterns, intensity, and perceived barriers to physical activity among Polish university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research utilized a diagnostic survey method, employing a questionnaire. The online survey was conducted from December 2020 to May 2022 via the Webankieta.pl platform. The minimum sample size, calculated using the standard formula for estimating a proportion in a large population, was set at 1100 participants and was exceeded, with 1260 students providing valid responses. The results show that over half (55.8%, mainly women) of the respondents did not participate in regular physical activity during the pandemic. Participants cited lack of desire, fatigue, and low motivation\u2014not pandemic restrictions\u2014as primary reasons. Conversely, 44.2% of respondents, mostly men, reported engaging in regular physical activity. Most engaged in moderate-intensity activities two to five times a week, with vigorous activities performed slightly less often. Women were more likely to do both types, while men favored strength training. The most common activities included walking (61.6%), simple gymnastic exercises (43.1%), strength training with equipment (35.0%), cycling (34.5%), and calisthenics (30.2%). The majority (81.3%) exercised at home or nearby (33.4%). Reported barriers, especially among those who exercised regularly, were pandemic-related, such as limited or closed access to gyms, fitness centers, and pools (59.1%), along with time constraints (44.7%) and low motivation or determination (32.0%). The findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions to boost physical activity among university students, particularly women and those with fewer financial resources. Universities should consider implementing programs that promote accessible, regular activity and initiatives to enhance motivation and foster long-term, health-promoting habits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23060820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:52:11Z","timestamp":1782453131000},"page":"820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Physical Activity of University Students During COVID-19 Restrictions: Evidence from Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8815-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Gabryjo\u0144czyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7863-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"J\u0119czmyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Wojcieszak-Zbierska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6653-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Uglis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1979-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Zawadka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences\u2014SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Polityka samorz\u0105du wojew\u00f3dztwa mazowieckiego w zakresie wspierania aktywno\u015bci fizycznej jego mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w (Policy of the Mazowieckie voivodeship local government for supporting physical activity of local residents)","volume":"20","author":"Zawadka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tur. 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