{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:45:57Z","timestamp":1782816357152,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Psychosocial well-being at work is a multidimensional construct associated with employee health, organizational functioning, sustainable workforce development, and population mental health. However, few theoretically integrated instruments simultaneously assess work-related resources, job demands, psychosocial risks, and employee subjective well-being. This study aimed to develop and conduct the initial validation of the Multidimensional Psychosocial Work Environment Scale for Employed Persons (MPWES), grounded in the OECD well-being framework, the WHO-5 conceptual approach, and the Job Demands\u2013Resources model. Methods: Scale development involved theory-driven identification of psychosocial dimensions, item generation, content and face validity assessment, and stepwise psychometric evaluation. Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index, and face validity using the Face Validity Index. The hypothesized structure was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach\u2019s alpha and McDonald\u2019s omega, while convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using Average Variance Extracted, Composite Reliability, and inter-factor correlations. Results: The proposed measurement model comprised ten dimensions: Subjective Well-Being, Inclusion, Social Support, Workplace Harassment, Work Intensity, Work-related Psychosomatic Strain, Professional Development, Health Risks, Financial Safety, and Autonomy. CFA results provided preliminary and partial support for the proposed ten-factor structure, with borderline-to-acceptable absolute fit indices but limited-to-moderate incremental fit indices. Most dimensions demonstrated acceptable internal consistency; however, convergent and discriminant validity findings should be interpreted cautiously, particularly for dimensions with few items, Financial Safety, and the high correlation between Inclusion and Social Support. Conclusions: The findings provide preliminary empirical support for the MPWES as an initial integrated assessment framework. Further longitudinal, cross-cultural, and independent validation is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23070854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:01:17Z","timestamp":1782813677000},"page":"854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Initial Validation of the Multidimensional Psychosocial Work Environment Scale for Employed Persons (MPWES)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Evija","family":"Nagle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Dzirciema iela 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1763-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iluta","family":"Skr\u016bzkalne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Dzirciema iela 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9120-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksims","family":"Zolovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Dzirciema iela 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Vien\u012bbas iela 13, LV-5401 Daugavpils, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0295-8557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Rajevska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Dzirciema iela 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business and Law, University of Agder, Gimlemoen 25, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7376-3776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrejs","family":"Ivanovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Dzirciema iela 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ieva","family":"Reine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Unit, R\u012bga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Dzirciema iela 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1108\/02683940710733115","article-title":"The job demands-resources model: State of the art","volume":"22","author":"Bakker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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