{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:12:38Z","timestamp":1783696358114,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Nurse burnout is a major occupational health problem with implications for workforce retention, quality of care, and patient safety. Contemporary evidence consistently links burnout to increased missed care, adverse events, and reduced safety climate, underscoring the need for updated national data and identification of modifiable organizational factors. Objective: To describe burnout levels among Italian nurses using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and to examine associations between burnout, job satisfaction, weekly working hours, and key sociodemographic and professional characteristics. Methods: We conducted a national, observational cross-sectional online survey (Google Forms) between April and May 2026. Convenience and snowball sampling were used via professional social media channels and nursing-related institutional pages. Burnout was measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI; 19 items covering personal, work-related, and patient-related burnout). Responses were converted to standardized 0\u2013100 scores (higher scores = higher burnout); total burnout was computed as the mean of the three subscales. Job satisfaction was assessed on a 1\u20135 Likert scale. Group comparisons used Mann\u2013Whitney U and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests; associations used Spearman\u2019s rho; multivariable linear regression was fitted to examine factors independently associated with burnout. Results: The sample included 557 nurses; 84.6% were women, 37.0% were aged &lt;30 years, and participants covered all Italian macro-areas (North 52.4%, Centre 21.5%, South 12.4%, Islands 13.6%). Mean burnout scores (0\u2013100) were: total 50.80 \u00b1 18.87, personal 60.11 \u00b1 19.53, work-related 53.30 \u00b1 22.25, patient-related 38.99 \u00b1 22.77. Using conventional cut-offs (&lt;33 low; 33\u201366 moderate; &gt;66 high), 19.4% had low, 59.8% moderate, and 20.8% high burnout. Total burnout correlated positively with weekly working hours (\u03c1 = 0.180, p &lt; 0.001) and negatively with job satisfaction (\u03c1 = \u22120.620, p &lt; 0.001). In multivariable models, higher job satisfaction remained the strongest independent factor associated with lower burnout, while working &gt;40 h\/week remained independently associated with higher burnout. Conclusions: Burnout among Italian nurses was prevalent at moderate-to-high levels. Job satisfaction emerged as the main organizational factor associated with burnout, while higher workload was also significantly associated with greater burnout levels. These findings highlight the importance of organizational strategies addressing working conditions to support nurse well-being and patient safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23070890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:14:25Z","timestamp":1783692865000},"page":"890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Burnout Among Italian Nurses: Organizational Correlates, Workload Burden, and Workforce Sustainability in a National Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6858-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Cianciulli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u2018\u2019Scuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7757-6855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Boccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u2018\u2019Scuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"Integrated Care Department of Health Hygiene and Evaluative Medicine, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d\u2019Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"Hospital and Epidemiological Hygiene Unit, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d\u2019Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u2018\u2019Scuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4320-8640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonietta","family":"Pacifico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u2018\u2019Scuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Manente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d\u2019Aragona University Hospital, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2378-2032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Nappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u2018\u2019Scuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Fornino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Directorate, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d\u2019Aragona University Hospital, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Di Gisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Health Professions Service, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d\u2019Aragona University Hospital, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7796-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Nuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services, Medical Directorate of Hospital Facilities, A.O.R.N. \u201cSan Giuseppe Moscati\u201d, 83100 Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples \u201cParthenope\u201d, 80133 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0602-2513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u2018\u2019Scuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2443059","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.43059","article-title":"Nurse Burnout and Patient Safety, Satisfaction, and Quality of Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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