{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:12:39Z","timestamp":1783696359189,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition that affects women\u2019s physical, psychological, and social well-being. Evidence from Central Asia remains limited. This study assessed factors associated with UI, its subtypes, and quality-of-life impairment among women in Kazakhstan. Methods: A multicenter age-matched case\u2013control study was conducted from February to May 2025 in healthcare facilities across Kazakhstan. The study included 2061 women. Sociodemographic, obstetric, lifestyle, comorbidity, and symptom data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed using Kazakh and Russian versions of the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-QOL). Multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination identified factors independently associated with UI. Results: UI was identified in 687 women (33.3%). Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) was the most common subtype (n = 356; 51.8%), followed by urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) (n = 191; 27.8%) and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) (n = 140; 20.4%). UI was independently associated with vaginal delivery (OR = 1.48), multiple birth (OR = 2.26), macrosomia (OR = 1.83), and BMI \u2265 25 kg\/m2 (OR = 2.08). UUI showed the greatest burden, including the lowest total I-QOL score [36.4 (23.9\u201388.6)]. Conclusions: UI in Kazakhstan was mainly associated with obstetric and metabolic factors, supporting targeted prevention through weight management, antenatal care, and early pelvic floor assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23070893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:14:25Z","timestamp":1783692865000},"page":"893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors and Quality of Life in Women with Urinary Incontinence in Kazakhstan: A Multicenter Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhanylsyn","family":"Ryspayeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Non-Profit Joint Stock Company \u201cSemey Medical University\u201d, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaytuna","family":"Khismetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Non-Profit Joint Stock Company \u201cSemey Medical University\u201d, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9470-9488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinara","family":"Serikova-Esengeldina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Non-Profit Joint Stock Company \u201cSemey Medical University\u201d, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalida","family":"Sharipova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1, Non-Profit Joint Stock Company \u201cAstana Medical University\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaituna G.","family":"Khamidullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1, Non-Profit Joint Stock Company \u201cAstana Medical University\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulnara","family":"Khudaykulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health & Healthcare Management #1, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent 100109, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7491-4521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yevgeniya","family":"Rahanskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Pediatric Surgery, Non-Profit Joint Stock Company \u201cSemey Medical University\u201d, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Kozhakhmetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Non-Profit Joint Stock Company \u201cSemey Medical University\u201d, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Akhmetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Management, Non-Profit Joint Stock Company \u201cAstana Medical University\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assiya","family":"Kussainova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medical Practice with a Course of Evidence-Based Medicine, Non-Profit Joint Stock Company \u201cAstana Medical University\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kassym","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medical Practice with a Course of Evidence-Based Medicine, Non-Profit Joint Stock Company \u201cAstana Medical University\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01712-y","article-title":"Urinary incontinence and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Pizzol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Clin. 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