{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T19:11:05Z","timestamp":1792696265192,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Royal National Lifeboat Institution"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01g621a78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health","IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drowning is a largely preventable global public health problem. Many unintended drownings are linked to the initial responses to cold-water immersion (cold shock), which includes a rapid involuntary cardio-respiratory response that increases the risk of aspirating water within the first two minutes of immersion. Floating rather than struggling to swim can help survival in this circumstance. In light of early research and subsequent changes in anthropometry, we are re-examining whether bone mineral density (BMD) in people from African, Caribbean, and Asian communities influences their float. This study examined predictors of float outcome. A total of 101 participants of African, Caribbean, Asian, or mixed heritage were recruited; 96 attempted a two-minute supine float following instruction and practice, of whom 89 were successful. Body fat percentage strongly correlated with buoyancy and floating outcome, while other predictors, including BMD, showed weak or no association. Passive floaters (no movement required) demonstrated greater buoyancy and less exertion than active floaters (purposeful movement required). These findings suggest that body fat percentage is the primary factor influencing float outcome, and that with appropriate instruction and practice, individuals of African, Caribbean and Asian heritage can \u201cfind their float\u201d. The results indicate that floating is a learnable competence and highlight the need for integrated drowning prevention strategies combining existing campaigns with accessible, community-based practices and co-produced approaches to improve engagement and equity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23080990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:45:14Z","timestamp":1785325514000},"page":"990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u2018Find Your Float\u2019: A Public Health Approach to Addressing Drowning Inequities in People of African, Caribbean and Asian Heritage: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7542-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Massey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Extreme Environments Laboratory, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3848-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Eglin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Extreme Environments Laboratory, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoff","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Extreme Environments Laboratory, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, UK"},{"name":"QinetiQ, Portsmouth PO6 3RU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Obe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Black Swimming Association (BSA), London WC2H 9JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Accura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Black Swimming Association (BSA), London WC2H 9JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seren","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Black Swimming Association (BSA), London WC2H 9JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Dearing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Black Swimming Association (BSA), London WC2H 9JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2734-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke RG24 9NA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Blane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Bournemouth Campus, Health Sciences University, Bournemouth BH5 2DF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3184-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ross D.","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9962-2471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gareth","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal National Lifeboat Institution, Poole BH15 1HZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7928-8451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Tipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Extreme Environments Laboratory, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, UK"},{"name":"National Water Safety Forum, Birmingham B15 1RP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). 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