{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:07:48Z","timestamp":1786122468439,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health","IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coexistence of undernutrition and excess weight is an important child public health challenge. This study described temporal trends and departmental spatial configurations of wasting, stunting, overweight, and obesity among children under five years of age in Peru during 2014\u20132024. Analyses used anthropometric assessment records from the Nutritional Status Information System (SIEN), collected in public healthcare facilities and aggregated by department and year. Annual Percentage Change summarized average temporal trends, while observed prevalence maps, Global Moran\u2019s I, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and a median-based bivariate classification were applied independently to 2014, 2019, and 2024. Queen contiguity was the primary spatial specification, along with KNN-4 sensitivity analysis. Wasting and obesity increased on average, stunting decreased, and overweight showed no significant long-term trend. Global autocorrelation was most consistent for wasting, whereas findings for excess-weight indicators were sensitive to the weights matrix. LISA identified local spatial classifications at nominal p &lt; 0.05; however, these findings were exploratory because no multiple-testing correction was applied. The bivariate classification identified two, four, and three departments with concurrent high relative undernutrition and excess-weight scores in 2014, 2019, and 2024, respectively. These record-based findings show territorial heterogeneity within SIEN but do not represent population prevalence, causal geographic effects, or an integrated spatiotemporal process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23081033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T10:12:01Z","timestamp":1786097521000},"page":"1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Territorial Coexistence of Undernutrition and Excess Weight Among Children Under Five Years of Age in Peru, 2014\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jaime Cesar","family":"Prieto-Luna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Amaz\u00f3nica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado 17001, Peru"},{"name":"Amazon Data, Artificial Intelligence and Biodiversitech Research Group, Universidad Nacional Amaz\u00f3nica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado 17001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1650-0715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alberto","family":"Holgado-Apaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Amaz\u00f3nica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado 17001, Peru"},{"name":"Amazon Data, Artificial Intelligence and Biodiversitech Research Group, Universidad Nacional Amaz\u00f3nica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado 17001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8700-1927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mixel Luigui","family":"Corrido-Ninahuaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Amaz\u00f3nica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado 17001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nestor Antonio","family":"Gallegos Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Amaz\u00f3nica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado 17001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6589-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelly Jacqueline","family":"Ulloa-Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Amaz\u00f3nica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado 17001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6132-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dany Dorian","family":"Isuiza-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Amaz\u00f3nica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado 17001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Madue\u00f1o-Portilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Medicina Veterinaria-Zootecnia, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Amaz\u00f3nica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado 17001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2727-3717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Vidaurre-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, Tarapoto 22201, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8806-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Valles-Coral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, Tarapoto 22201, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60988-5","article-title":"Maternal and Child Nutrition: Building Momentum for Impact","volume":"382","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3","article-title":"Worldwide Trends in Body-Mass Index, Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity from 1975 to 2016: A Pooled Analysis of 2416 Population-Based Measurement Studies in 128\u00b79 Million Children, Adolescents, and 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