{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:37:36Z","timestamp":1786534656398,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health","IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Happiness at work is an important factor associated with nurses\u2019 wellbeing, performance, retention, and quality of care. However, evidence on workplace happiness among nurses working in prehospital emergency care remains scarce, despite the emotional demands and complexity of this setting. This study aimed to analyse overall happiness at work and its dimensions\u2014engagement, job satisfaction, and affective organisational commitment\u2014among nurses working in prehospital emergency care in Portugal and to identify associated sociodemographic and professional factors. A cross-sectional observational, correlational study was conducted between June and July 2025 with 103 nurses working in Portuguese prehospital emergency services. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and professional questionnaire and the Short Happiness at Work Scale. Descriptive statistics, Student\u2019s t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple linear regression were performed. Participants reported moderate levels of happiness at work (M = 4.91; SD = 0.96). Engagement had the highest mean score (M = 5.42; SD = 1.20), whereas job satisfaction had the lowest (M = 4.04; SD = 1.16). Leisure activities outside work were statistically associated with higher happiness at work. These findings should be interpreted in light of the cross-sectional design and convenience sampling, and suggest that strategies promoting wellbeing, work\u2013life balance, and psychological recovery may contribute to occupational health among prehospital emergency nurses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph23081049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:02:11Z","timestamp":1786532531000},"page":"1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of Happiness at Work Among Nurses in Prehospital Emergency Care in Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4156-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Estabelecimento Prisional de Pa\u00e7os de Ferreira, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral de Reinser\u00e7\u00e3o e Servi\u00e7os Prisionais, Av. Cadeia Central do Norte, Seroa, 4599-001 Pa\u00e7os de Ferreira, Portugal"},{"name":"Viatura M\u00e9dica de Emerg\u00eancia e Reanima\u00e7\u00e3o de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, E.P.E., 4202-451 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urg\u00eancia Pedi\u00e1trica, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade da Regi\u00e3o de Aveiro, E.P.E., 3814-501 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0471-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Emerg\u00eancia M\u00e9dica, I.P., Rua Almirante Barroso, 36, 1000-013 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Emerg\u00eancia M\u00e9dica, I.P., Rua Almirante Barroso, 36, 1000-013 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit ITR, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n\u00ba 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o de Paula Frassinetti, Rua Gil Vicente 138\u2013142, 4000-255 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6478-1008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 830\/844\/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-020-00592-x","article-title":"Determinants of happiness among healthcare professionals between 2009 and 2019: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Muthuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Humanit. 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