{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:58:44Z","timestamp":1792220324408,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,20]],"date-time":"2009-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a recognized genotoxic carcinogen, with widespread occurrence in fermented foods and beverages. No data on its occurrence in alcoholic beverages from Mexico or Central America is available. Samples of agave spirits including tequila, mezcal, bacanora and sotol (n=110), and of the sugarcane spirit cuxa (n=16) were purchased in Mexico and Guatemala, respectively, and analyzed for EC. The incidence of EC contamination was higher in Mexico than in Guatemala, however, concentrations were below international guideline levels (<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6010349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,20]],"date-time":"2009-01-20T05:59:57Z","timestamp":1232431197000},"page":"349-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Ethyl Carbamate in Alcoholic Beverages from Mexico (Tequila, Mezcal, Bacanora, Sotol) and Guatemala (Cuxa): Market Survey and Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3115-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk  W.","family":"Lachenmeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemisches und Veterin\u00e4runtersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotis","family":"Kanteres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kuballa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemisches und Veterin\u00e4runtersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes G.","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Biotecnolog\u00eda e Ingenier\u00eda Gen\u00e9tica de Plantas, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36500 Irapuato, Gto., Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 55 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T3M7, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Strasse 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/02652038909373794","article-title":"Investigation of ethyl carbamate levels in some fermented foods and alcoholic beverages","volume":"6","author":"Dennis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Food Addit. 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