{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:42:49Z","timestamp":1791200569084,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,23]],"date-time":"2009-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1248307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcohol abuse causes progressive toxicity and degeneration in liver and brain due to insulin resistance, which exacerbates oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine activation. Alcohol-induced steatohepatitis promotes synthesis and accumulation of ceramides and other toxic lipids that cause insulin resistance. Ceramides can readily cross the blood-brain barrier, and ceramide exposure causes neurodegeneration with insulin resistance and oxidative stress, similar to the effects of alcohol. Therefore, in addition to its direct neurotoxic effects, alcohol misuse establishes a liver-brain axis of neurodegeneration mediated by toxic lipid trafficking across the blood-brain barrier, leading to progressive white matter degeneration and cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6072055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,23]],"date-time":"2009-07-23T13:00:25Z","timestamp":1248354025000},"page":"2055-2075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["The Liver-Brain Axis of Alcohol-Mediated Neurodegeneration: Role of Toxic Lipids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Suzanne M.","family":"De la Monte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropathology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Longato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Research Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"The Liver Research Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"DeNucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack R.","family":"Wands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"The Liver Research Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90631-A","article-title":"Ethanol inhibits liver regeneration in rats without reducing transcripts of key protooncogenes","volume":"99","author":"Diehl","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.1.8","article-title":"Inhibition of liver regeneration by chronic alcohol administration","volume":"23","author":"Duguay","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90017-9","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatic regeneration in rats by acute and chronic ethanol intoxication","volume":"77","author":"Wands","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"663","article-title":"Effect of acute and chronic ethanol intoxication on hepatic regeneration","volume":"132","author":"Wands","year":"1980","journal-title":"Adv. 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