{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:03:27Z","timestamp":1793361807782,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,4]],"date-time":"2010-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ethanol affects cognition in a number of ways. Indirect effects include intoxication, withdrawal, brain trauma, central nervous system infection, hypoglycemia, hepatic failure, and Marchiafava-Bignami disease. Nutritional deficiency can cause pellagra and Wernicke-Korsakoff disorder. Additionally, ethanol is a direct neurotoxin and in sufficient dosage can cause lasting dementia. However, ethanol also has neuroprotectant properties and in low-to-moderate dosage reduces the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer type. In fetuses ethanol is teratogenic, and whether there exists a safe dose during pregnancy is uncertain and controversial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7041540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,5]],"date-time":"2010-04-05T10:36:39Z","timestamp":1270463799000},"page":"1540-1557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Ethanol and Cognition: Indirect Effects, Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Brust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Harlem Hospital Center and Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Brust, JCM (2004). 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