{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:22:22Z","timestamp":1791379342036,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,13]],"date-time":"2010-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1271116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Henna is very popular in the United Arab Emirates (UAE); it is part of the culture and traditions. Allergy to natural henna is not usual; however the addition of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) to the natural henna increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis. The objectives of the study were to identify the presence and concentration of PPD in henna available in UAE. Fifteen henna salons were selected randomly from three cities in UAE. Twenty five henna samples were acquired from these selected salons. The presence of PPD in henna samples was determined qualitatively and quantitatively using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The study showed that PPD was present in all of the black henna samples at concentrations ranging between 0.4% and 29.5% and higher than that recommended for hair dyes in most of the black henna samples. The presence of PPD in the black henna increases the risk of allergic contact dermatitis among users of black henna and a number of cases have already been reported in UAE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7041681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,13]],"date-time":"2010-04-13T11:15:22Z","timestamp":1271157322000},"page":"1681-1693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Determination of para-Phenylenediamine (PPD) in Henna in the United Arab Emirates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Al-Suwaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Management Sector, Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafiz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/Henna."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1980.tb04936.x","article-title":"Contact dermatitis to henna (Lawsonia)","volume":"6","author":"Pasricha","year":"1980","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (1985). Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenylenediamines, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services (1993). 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Results of the IVDK","volume":"159","author":"Schnuch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"88","article-title":"Clinico-pathologic features of skin reactions to temporary tattoos and analysis of possible causes","volume":"38","author":"Chung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2002.00219.x","article-title":"Childhood Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Henna Tattoo","volume":"19","author":"Neri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediat. Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1053\/ajcd.2002.30466","article-title":"Identification and Quantification of para-Phenylenediamine in a Temprorary Black Henna Tattoo","volume":"13","author":"Brancaccio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. 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Child"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/7\/4\/1681\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:02:07Z","timestamp":1760220127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/7\/4\/1681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph7041681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph7041681","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,13]]}}}