{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T13:09:04Z","timestamp":1793452144920,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Undernutrition is one of the most important public health problems, affecting more than 900 million individuals around the World. It is responsible for the highest mortality rate in children and has long-lasting physiologic effects, including an increased susceptibility to fat accumulation mostly in the central region of the body, lower fat oxidation, lower resting and postprandial energy expenditure, insulin resistance in adulthood, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and a reduced capacity for manual work, among other impairments. Marked changes in the function of the autonomic nervous system have been described in undernourished experimental animals. Some of these effects seem to be epigenetic, passing on to the next generation. Undernutrition in children has been linked to poor mental development and school achievement as well as behavioural abnormalities. However, there is still a debate in the literature regarding whether some of these effects are permanent or reversible. Stunted children who had experienced catch-up growth had verbal vocabulary and quantitative test scores that did not differ from children who were not stunted. Children treated before 6 years of age in day-hospitals and who recovered in weight and height have normal body compositions, bone mineral densities and insulin production and sensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8061817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T10:58:16Z","timestamp":1306407496000},"page":"1817-1846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":373,"title":["Long-Lasting Effects of Undernutrition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Vinicius J. B.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edif\u00edcio de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, 2\u00b0 andar CEP 04023-060 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Telma M. M.","family":"Toledo Flor\u00eancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Rua H\u00e9lio Pradines, 225\/301 Ponta Verde, CEP 57035-220 Macei\u00f3, Alagoas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciane P.","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professional Masters Program in Health and Work Management, Vale of Itaja\u00ed University, Rua Uruguai 458, Bloco 25 B, Sala 402, Centro, CEP 88302-202 Itaja\u00ed, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Do Carmo P. Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edif\u00edcio de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, 2\u00b0 andar CEP 04023-060 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula A.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Ana Costa, 95 Vila Matias CEP 11060-001, Santos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula G.","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edif\u00edcio de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, 2\u00b0 andar CEP 04023-060 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla D. L.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edif\u00edcio de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, 2\u00b0 andar CEP 04023-060 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria de Fatima A.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition College, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, CP 354, Pelotas, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Lydia","family":"Sawaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, Edif\u00edcio de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, 2\u00b0 andar CEP 04023-060 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"703","article-title":"The worldwide magnitude of protein energy malnutrition: An overview from the WHO global database on child growth","volume":"71","author":"Monteiro","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull. 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