{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T21:22:33Z","timestamp":1787692953398,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,7]],"date-time":"2012-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new type of grafting chitosan (CTS) was synthesized using 2-hydroxyethyl- trimethyl ammonium chloride (HGCTS). The adsorption of Cr(VI) on HGCTS was studied. The effect factors on adsorption and the adsorption mechanism were considered. The results indicated that the HGCTS could concentrate and separate Cr(VI) at pH 4.0; the adsorption equilibrium time was 80 min; the maximum adsorption capacity was 205 mg\/g. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics were investigated, equilibrium data agreed very well with the Langmuir model and the pseudo second-order model could describe the adsorption process better than the pseudo first-order model. A novel method for speciation of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in environmental water samples has been developed using HGCTS as adsorbent and FAAS as determination means. The detection limit of this method was 20 ng\/L, the relatively standard deviation was 1.2% and the recovery was 99%~105%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9051757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,7]],"date-time":"2012-05-07T11:16:02Z","timestamp":1336389362000},"page":"1757-1770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Adsorption of Cr(VI) and Speciation of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in Aqueous Solutions Using Chemically Modified Chitosan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China"},{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, JiuJiang University, Jiujiang 332005, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FengLian","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ChunYuan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, JiuJiang University, Jiujiang 332005, Jiangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(99)00195-8","article-title":"The role of speciation in analytical chemistry","volume":"19","author":"Kot","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Anal.Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.09.004","article-title":"Speciation of Mn(II), Mn(VII) and total manganese in water and food samples by coprecipitation-atomic absorption spectrometry combination","volume":"173","author":"Demirhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(99)00168-2","article-title":"Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation","volume":"107","author":"Kotas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2005.02.003","article-title":"Chromium toxicity in plants","volume":"31","author":"Shanker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1021\/tx049774+","article-title":"Importance of chromium-DNA adducts in mutagenicity and toxicity of chromium(VI)","volume":"18","author":"Zhitkovich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.08.046","article-title":"Chromium speciation in environmental samples by solid phase extraction on chromosorb 108","volume":"129","author":"Tuzen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1081\/AL-120006679","article-title":"Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in tannery wastewater and sediment samples on ambersorb 563 resin","volume":"35","author":"Narin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.08.074","article-title":"Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) after column solid phase extraction on amberlite XAD-2010","volume":"143","author":"Bulut","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"337","article-title":"Chromium speciation and preconcentration using zirconium(IV) and zirconium(IV) phosphate chemically immobilized onto silica gel surface using a flow system and FAAS","volume":"65","author":"Meltaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2006.05.004","article-title":"Speciation of hexavalent chromium in waters by liquid-liquid extraction and GFAAS determination","volume":"85","author":"Beni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0584-8547(03)00136-8","article-title":"Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by nanometer titanium dioxide micro-column and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry","volume":"58","author":"Liang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part B"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2007.11.059","article-title":"Chromium(III)-imprinted silica gel for speciation analysis of chromium in environmental water samples with ICP-MS detection","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2007.03.007","article-title":"A novel multi-element coprecipitation technique for separation and enrichment of metal ions in environmental samples","volume":"73","author":"Aydin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(01)00856-X","article-title":"Flow-injection preconcentration and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry determination of manganese in seawater","volume":"435","author":"Sarzanini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-265X(00)00161-2","article-title":"High preconcentration of ultra-trace metal ions by liquid-liquid extraction using water\/oil\/water emulsions as liquid surfactant membranes","volume":"65","author":"Okamoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2004.05.022","article-title":"Adsorption behaviour of Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in aqueous solution on chitosan and cross-linked chitosan beads","volume":"96","author":"Wan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.577","article-title":"Application of a carbon sorbent for the removal of cadmium and other heavy metal ions from aqueous solution","volume":"77","author":"Shafey","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4628(20000103)75:1<119::AID-APP14>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of thiorea derivative of chitosan for platinum recovery","volume":"75","author":"Guibal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/app.10477","article-title":"Preparation and adsorption behavior for metal of chitosan cross-linked by dihydroxy azacrown ether","volume":"85","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-265X(01)00066-2","article-title":"Determiantion of the total iron by chitosanmodified glassy carbon electrode","volume":"69","author":"Lu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.07.008","article-title":"Adsorption of gold(III), platinum(IV) and palladium(II) onto glycine modified crosslinked chitosan resin","volume":"99","author":"Ramesh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024656813244","article-title":"A new approach for the flocculation mechanism of chitosan","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"56","article-title":"New progress onmodifications of chitosan","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. Polym. Bull."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"351","article-title":"Preparation, moisture adsorbability and retentivity of 2-Hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan","volume":"19","author":"Ling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2009.02.063","article-title":"Removal of Cr(VI) from alkaline aqueous solutions using chemically modified magnetic chitosan resins","volume":"250","author":"Khalid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2004.11.013","article-title":"Adsorption of chromium onto crossed-linked chitosan","volume":"44","author":"Graciela","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(02)00636-7","article-title":"Adsorption behaviour of reactive dye in aqueous solution on chemical cross-linked chitosan beads","volume":"50","author":"Chiou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"4151","article-title":"Pseudo-second order model for sorption process","volume":"34","author":"McKay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adsorption of Cr(VI) using Fe-crosslinked chitosan complex","volume":"2","author":"Ana","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/9\/5\/1757\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:50:09Z","timestamp":1760219409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/9\/5\/1757"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph9051757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph9051757","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,7]]}}}