{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T13:54:42Z","timestamp":1760622882592,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]],"date-time":"2012-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2010, the requirement for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing of adult refugees prior to US resettlement was removed, thus leading to a potential for missed diagnosis. We reviewed refugee health assessment data and medical charts to evaluate the health status of HIV-infected refugees who arrived in Minnesota during 2000\u20132007, prior to this 2010 policy change. Among 19,292 resettled adults, 174 were HIV-infected; 169 (97%) were African (median age 26.4 (range: 17\u201376) years). Charts were abstracted for 157 (124 (79%) with \u22651 year of follow-up). At initial presentation, two of 74 (3%) women were pregnant; 27% became pregnant during follow-up. HIV clinical stage varied (59%, asymptomatic; 11%, mild symptoms; 10%, advanced symptoms; 3%, severe symptoms; 17%, unknown); coinfections were common (51 tuberculosis, 13 hepatitis B, 13 parasites, four syphilis). Prior to arrival 4% had received antiretrovirals. Opportunistic infections were diagnosed among 13%; 2% died from AIDS-related causes. Arrival screening may be needed to identify these HIV-infected refugees and prevent HIV-related morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9114197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]],"date-time":"2012-11-16T11:03:15Z","timestamp":1353063795000},"page":"4197-4209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["HIV\/AIDS and Associated Conditions among HIV-Infected Refugees in Minnesota, 2000\u20132007"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Lowther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS A-04, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"},{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenise","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Hendel-Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2014Global Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"},{"name":"HealthPartners Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, MN 55104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kailey","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA"},{"name":"Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blain","family":"Mamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Krohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2014Global Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Pessoa-Brand\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"O'Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Stauffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2014Global Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"},{"name":"Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010. 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Available online:www.cdc.gov\/immigrantrefugeehealth\/pdf\/tuberculosis-ti-2009.pdf."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/9\/11\/4197\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:53:38Z","timestamp":1760219618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/9\/11\/4197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph9114197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph9114197","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]]}}}