{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:32:24Z","timestamp":1773804744828,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJGI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is committed to developing quality open standards for the global geospatial community, thus enhancing the interoperability of geographic information. In the domain of sensor networks, the Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) initiative has been developed to define the necessary context by introducing modeling standards, like \u2018Observation &amp; Measurement\u2019 (O&amp;M) and services to provide interaction like \u2018Sensor Observation Service\u2019 (SOS). Land surveying measurements on the other hand comprise a domain where observation information structures and services have not been aligned to the OGC observation model. In this paper, an OGC-compatible, aligned to the \u2018Observation and Measurements\u2019 standard, model for land surveying observations has been developed and discussed. Furthermore, a case study instantiates the above model, and an SOS implementation has been developed based on the 52\u00b0 North SOS platform. Finally, a visualization schema is used to produce \u2018Web Map Service (WMS)\u2019 observation maps. Even though there are elements that differentiate this work from classic \u2018O&amp;M\u2019 modeling cases, the proposed model and flows are developed in order to provide the benefits of standardizing land surveying measurement data (cost reducing by reusability, higher precision level, data fusion of multiple sources, raw observation spatiotemporal repository access, development of Measurement-Based GIS (MBGIS)) to the geoinformation community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6030067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T10:57:52Z","timestamp":1488279472000},"page":"67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Applying OGC Standards to Develop a Land Surveying Measurement Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Sofos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens 15780, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vassilios","family":"Vescoukis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens 15780, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Gkegkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens 15780, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisavet","family":"Tsilimantou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens 15780, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, R., Evfimievski, A., and Srikant, R. 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