{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:54:24Z","timestamp":1785887664691,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Herb Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz, which is native to Thailand and Southeast Asia, has become known for its antioxidant properties. Neuronal loss in a number of diseases including Alzheimer\u2019s disease is thought to result, in part, from oxidative stress. Glutamate causes cell death in the mouse hippocampal cell line, HT-22, by unbalancing redox homeostasis, brought about by a reduction in glutathione levels, and amyloid-\u03b2 has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Here in, we show that ethanol extracts of R. nasutus leaf and root are capable of dose dependently attenuating the neuron cell death caused by both glutamate and amyloid-\u03b2 treatment. We used free radical scavenging assays to measure the extracts antioxidant activities and as well as quantifying phenolic, flavonoid and sterol content. Molecules found in R. nasutus, lupeol, stigmasterol and \u03b2-sitosterol are protective against glutamate toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13045074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]],"date-time":"2012-04-23T11:00:58Z","timestamp":1335178858000},"page":"5074-5097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Rhinacanthus nasutus Extracts Prevent Glutamate and Amyloid-\u03b2 Neurotoxicity in HT-22 Mouse Hippocampal Cells: Possible Active Compounds Include Lupeol, Stigmasterol and \u03b2-Sitosterol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2074-8262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"Brimson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama I Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirikalaya J.","family":"Brimson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama I Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Brimson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varaporn","family":"Rakkhitawatthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama I Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4177-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tewin","family":"Tencomnao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama I Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"4999","article-title":"Modulatory effects of Thai medicinal plant extract on proinflammatory cytokines-induced apoptosis in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells","volume":"9","author":"Thongrakard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. 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